A Checklist of the Beetles of Cuba with Data on Distributions and ...

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Arthropods <strong>of</strong> Florida and Neighboring Land Areas, Vol. 18
de Ecologia y Systematica <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Academia de
Ciencias de <strong>Cuba</strong>. He exchanged an historically
important collection <strong>of</strong> identified beetles and moths
<strong>with</strong> <strong>the</strong> Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences <strong>of</strong> Philadelphia.
The beetles are now incorporated into <strong>the</strong> general
beetle collections in Philadelphia. The moths
were exchanged <strong>with</strong> <strong>the</strong> Carnegie Museum <strong>of</strong> Pittsburgh.
More data on Sagra and Poey and o<strong>the</strong>r
naturalists mentioned below can be found in Alvarez
(1958), Chardon (1949), and Papavero (1971: 179-
185).
Juan (Johannes) Gundlach (1810-1896) contributed
greatly to <strong>the</strong> foundations <strong>of</strong> a tradition <strong>of</strong>
<strong>Cuba</strong>n natural history studies (Reyes et al. 2002).
He published from 1866 to 1894. He can be considered
as <strong>the</strong> fa<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>Cuba</strong>n entomology. He was
born in Marburg, Germany and attained a Ph.D.
degree in Marburg in 1838. He was <strong>the</strong>n invited to
<strong>Cuba</strong> by Mr. Charles Booth <strong>of</strong> Fundador de Canimar
on <strong>the</strong> Canimar River in Matanzas Province where
he worked as a pr<strong>of</strong>essional collector. In 1841 Booth
and Gundlach left Canimar and moved to <strong>the</strong> estate
“San Juan” near <strong>the</strong> town <strong>of</strong> Cárdenas, near
<strong>the</strong> city <strong>of</strong> Matanzas. In 1846 he established a museum
to hold his collections on <strong>the</strong> farm “El Refugio”
near Cárdenas. From this he radiated throughout
<strong>Cuba</strong> on many collecting trips. In 1864 he moved
his museum to <strong>the</strong> Fermina sugar estate <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>
Cárdenas family. He continued to collect throughout
<strong>the</strong> island until <strong>the</strong> “Ten Years Revolution”
(starting in 1868), when it became too dangerous
to do field work. In 1876 his collection was purchased
by <strong>the</strong> Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences in Havana.
In 1873, 1875 and 1881 he made prolonged
field trips to Puerto Rico. He <strong>the</strong>n formed a second
<strong>Cuba</strong>n collection, which was deeded to <strong>the</strong> Museum
<strong>of</strong> Havana in 1892. More details <strong>of</strong> his life and bibliography
are given by Ramsden (1915).
His major publication about beetles is volume
3 (404 pages) <strong>of</strong> his “Contribucion a la Entomologia
<strong>Cuba</strong>na” (Gundlach 1891). This summarizes <strong>the</strong>
beetle fauna <strong>the</strong>n known, and his 46 years <strong>of</strong> observations
upon it. Apparently pages 259-344 were
actually published in 1894 and are cited in some
publications <strong>with</strong> this date. Unfortunately, this
volume has many typographical errors, especially
in <strong>the</strong> Latin names: <strong>the</strong>se are attributable to
Gundlach’s failing eyesight and inability to correct
pro<strong>of</strong>s <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> volume.
Gundlach was an exceedingly generous person.
Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species first collected by him were described
by o<strong>the</strong>rs, especially in an important series
<strong>of</strong> papers by Chevrolat (1838-1870) and Chevrolat
and Fauvel (1863). The present Gundlach collec-
tion in Havana does not contain any designated
type specimens <strong>of</strong> beetles, but is mostly composed
<strong>of</strong> specimens compared to “types”, or specimens
which represent part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> series from which <strong>the</strong>
“types” came. The specimens in <strong>the</strong> Gundlach collection
bear no labels except for numbers which
are coded to <strong>the</strong>ir identity as published in volume 3
<strong>of</strong> his “Contribucion.” Ragués (1914) presented a
catalogue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> collection, consisting <strong>of</strong> species
names and <strong>the</strong>ir Gundlach code numbers.
The Gundlach insect collection is now housed
in glass-topped drawers in large wooden cases in a
dehumidified room in <strong>the</strong> Institute <strong>of</strong> Ecology and
Systematics (IES) <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Cuba</strong>n Academy <strong>of</strong> Sciences,
located on Carretera de Varona km 3½,
Capdevila, Boyeros, La Havana, <strong>Cuba</strong>. This is about
10 km SW <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old center <strong>of</strong> Havana. The
Gundlach collection is kept separate from <strong>the</strong>
Institute’s general (non-historical) beetle collection.
The entire insect collection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Institute has a
total <strong>of</strong> about 67,550 insect specimens (Reyes and
Hernandez 1995). The many “syntypes” or “cotypes”
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Cuba</strong>n species described by Chevrolat and many
o<strong>the</strong>r European taxonomists are scattered in many
European museums. Their possible location can
<strong>of</strong>ten be deduced by consulting Horn and Kahle
(l935-1937). I have not tried to verify <strong>the</strong> existence
or location <strong>of</strong> this early type material.
E.A. Schwarz (1844-1928) was perhaps <strong>the</strong>
next most important beetle collector to work in
<strong>Cuba</strong>. He was employed by <strong>the</strong> U.S. Department <strong>of</strong>
Agriculture to investigate <strong>the</strong> status <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cotton
boll weevil (Anthonomus) in <strong>Cuba</strong> in 1902, and from
February 1903 to June 1904. He was stationed
mostly at <strong>the</strong> plantation <strong>of</strong> La Magdalena, better
known as “Cayamas”, about 10 km WNW <strong>of</strong>
Yaguaramas (N 22º 14’; W 80º 48’), about 40 km
NW <strong>of</strong> Cienfuegos (Schwarz 1905). Schwarz did
much general beetle collecting in <strong>the</strong> vicinity and
Cayamas is <strong>the</strong> type locality for more <strong>Cuba</strong>n beetle
species than any o<strong>the</strong>r site. Type specimens <strong>of</strong> all
or most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se should be in <strong>the</strong> U.S. National
Museum <strong>of</strong> Natural History in Washington, D.C.
A series <strong>of</strong> letters by Schwarz (1905, 1929) describes
his <strong>Cuba</strong>n localities and <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ten extremely unpleasant
and taxing field conditions he experienced
or endured. Howard et al. (1928) give a biography
and bibliography <strong>of</strong> Schwarz. Holland and Schwarz
(1917) give a list <strong>of</strong> beetles known from <strong>the</strong> collections
<strong>of</strong> G.A. Link on <strong>the</strong> Isle <strong>of</strong> Pines (now Isla de
la Juventud). The specimens are in <strong>the</strong> Carnegie
Museum (Pittsburgh).
Carlos (Charles) Ramsden de la Torre (1876-
1950) was a rancher and versatile amateur natu-