A Checklist of the Beetles of Cuba with Data on Distributions and ...

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18 Arthropods <strong>of</strong> Florida and Neighboring Land Areas, Vol. 18 Table 5. Beetle families <strong>with</strong> warm-temperate and tropical distibutions in <strong>the</strong> Neotropical and Nearctic biogeographic realms and which are seemingly “absent” from <strong>Cuba</strong>, and <strong>the</strong> likelyhood that <strong>the</strong>y will be found to occur in <strong>Cuba</strong>. The families predicted to be present show <strong>the</strong> incomplete family level knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Cuba</strong>n beetle fauna, and <strong>the</strong> Neotropical families which are absent help to show <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> isolation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> island. Archostemata 1. Cupedidae in USA, Brazil and Argentina; a relict group, really absent 2. Ommatidae in Brazil and Argentina; a relict group, really absent Myxophaga 5. Lepiceridae México to S. America; probably absent 6. Microsporidae North and Central America; probably absent 7. Hydroscaphidae México to Brazil; probably absent 8. Torridinicolidae se Brazil; probably absent Polyphaga Staphylinoidea 24. Agyrtidae North America; a relict group, probably absent 27. Silphidae N. to S. America, in Hispaniola; really absent Hydrophiloidea 20. Syntellidae México; probably absent Scarabaeoidea 30 Lucanidae widespread Neotropical; probably absent Scirtoidea 45. Eucinetidae Neotropical; probably present 46. Clambidae Neotropical; probably present Dascilloidea 48. Dascillidae arid Neotropical; really absent 49. Rhipiceridae Neotropical; really absent Byrrhoidea 52. Byrridae mostly temperate; really absent 55. Lutrochidae USA to Brazil; really absent 63. Callirhipidae Neotropical; really absent Elateroidea 64. Artematopidae Neotropical; maybe present 65. Brachypsectridae Known from Tertiary amber in Hispaniola; possibly present 66. Cerophytidae Neotropical; really absent 74. Telegeusidae sw USA to nw South America; probably absent 75. Phengodidae Neotropical, Acladocera in Hispaniola; probably present Bostrichoidea 79. Jacobsoniidae Neotropical; probably present 81. Nosodendridae Neotropical; poorly studied, really absent Tenebrionoidea 126. Archeocrypticidae Neotropica; possibly present 149. Pythidae Ischyomius is Neotropical; possibly present 150. Pyrochroidae questionable Neotropical, mostly temperate; probably absent Curculionoidea 153. Nemonychidae temperate Neotropical; relict group, probably absent If oceanic islands have been in isolation long enough, some ancient colonists have had opportunity to evolve into genera which are endemic (limited) to <strong>the</strong> island. Table 6 is a list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 18 genera presently thought to be <strong>Cuba</strong>n endemics. However, most beetle genera in <strong>Cuba</strong> also occur elsewhere. Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se genera arrived at some time in <strong>the</strong> past, and if <strong>the</strong> colonization was sufficiently long ago, one or more colonizing species <strong>of</strong> each genus developed species level differences <strong>of</strong> its own, producing one or more species endemic to <strong>Cuba</strong>. Additionally, some genera, possibly ones which colonized <strong>the</strong> island relatively early in its history, have developed a great many species, <strong>of</strong>ten as an
A <strong>Checklist</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Beetles</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Cuba</strong> 19 Table 6. A. Beetle genera thought to be endemic to <strong>Cuba</strong>. There are some 190 beetle endemic genera in <strong>the</strong> entire West Indies. Cerambycidae Calliclytus Fisher 1932 <strong>Cuba</strong>ecola Lameere 1912 Cupeyalia Zayas 1975 Enodes Fisher 1926 Fisherostylus Gilmour 1963. Le<strong>the</strong>s Zayas 1975 Maisi Zayas 1988 Pygmaleptostylus Gilmour 1963 Trinoplon Zayas 1975 Coccinellidae Geodimmockius Chapin 1930 Neotina Gordon 1977 Curculionidae Doleropus Buchanan 1947 Nesolordops Marshall 1934 Pseudocaecocossonus Osella 1977 Heteroceridae Filiolus Pacheco 1964 Tenebrionidae Garridoa Marcuzzi 1985: 180 Orgidania Ardoin 1977 Trimytantron Ardoin 1977 (= Bielawskia Marcuzzi 1985) B. Beetle genera previously thought to be endemic to <strong>Cuba</strong>, and which are now known to occur elsewhere. Curculionidae Decouanellus Osella 1977: 399, now known in Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands. Scarabaeidae Planophileurus Chapin 1932, now known in Bahamas. Staphylinidae <strong>Cuba</strong>notyphlus Coiffait and Decou 1972, now known in Florida. adaptive and evolutionary response to ecological opportunity and <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> “unfilled” niches. These assemblages can be called “species swarms,” and <strong>the</strong>y are excellent groups for fur<strong>the</strong>r study, to ei<strong>the</strong>r verify <strong>the</strong>ir taxonomic status or to gain insights into <strong>the</strong> origin and action <strong>of</strong> speciation processes and <strong>the</strong> morphology and ecology <strong>of</strong> adaptive radiation. Table 7 lists <strong>the</strong> 28 genera which are presently recognized as having 10 or more <strong>Cuba</strong>n species apiece. A mixing <strong>of</strong> Neotropical and Nearctic faunas <strong>Cuba</strong> shares <strong>with</strong> Mexico <strong>the</strong> property <strong>of</strong> being an important mixing zone <strong>of</strong> Nearctic and Neotropical beetle faunas at <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> genera and higher taxa. Some Nearctic genera and tribes are at <strong>the</strong>ir sou<strong>the</strong>rn distributional limits in <strong>the</strong> Caribbean in <strong>Cuba</strong>. Likewise, some Neotropical genera and tribes are at <strong>the</strong>ir nor<strong>the</strong>rn distribtional limits in <strong>the</strong> Caribbean in <strong>Cuba</strong>. Both <strong>the</strong>se patterns suggest older (Tertiary) north and south faunal movements, probably between <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>astern USA and <strong>Cuba</strong>, and between Mexico and <strong>Cuba</strong>. But even though <strong>the</strong> affinities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Cuba</strong>n beetle fauna are a mixture, it is still mostly Neotropical in its overall composition. Native species in adjacent land masses Many species which originated on <strong>Cuba</strong> may have naturally dispersed to o<strong>the</strong>r lands, or o<strong>the</strong>r species from o<strong>the</strong>r lands have naturally moved into <strong>Cuba</strong>. These species naturally shared between <strong>Cuba</strong> and o<strong>the</strong>r lands are called native species. Figure 2 shows relative proportions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1092 native species which are shared <strong>with</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r neighboring land masses. All <strong>the</strong>se species must have moved to or from <strong>Cuba</strong> at some time in <strong>the</strong> past (in <strong>the</strong> Pleistocene or Recent) by crossing <strong>the</strong> barriers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> oceanic water gaps which isolated <strong>Cuba</strong>. It is sometimes possible to deduce which direction <strong>the</strong> movement has been by studying <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genus. The movements may have
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A Checklist of the Beetles of Cuba with Data on Distributions and ...

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