(70) Therefore, the risk of sulphuric acid dew point attack ... - DTI Home

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product is assumed for this period the primary energy consumption would nearly double. Thus the electric generating capacity for the nation will be required to increase dramatically. China is a large coal production country with coal as its main source of power generation. This situation is envisaged as remaining unchanged in China for the foreseeable future. Of the ~300GWe of installed capacity at the end of 1999 fossil fuel capacity was almost 75%. Coal fired units account for more than 95% of the fossil fuel fired capacity. China is therefore actively pursuing Clean Coal Technologies (CCTs) as a means of meeting their future energy requirements with integrated gasification technology (IGCC) and supercritical boilers attractive options for the 21 st Century. China has made a decision to build a large-scale IGCC demonstration power plant and is currently conducting preparatory research for such a project. Yantai power plant in Shandong province has been proposed as the host site for this demonstration for which two 400MWe IGCC units are being considered. Assuming that the Yantai IGCC project proceeds, it could be in commercial operation by the end of year 2005. Wider deployment of IGCC could, therefore, be forecast for the period beyond 2005-2010. The potential rise of IGCC within the market place over a 15-year period is predicted as resulting in a 17% share in the coal-powered generation market by the end of 2025. With the HRSG being an integral component of the IGCC plant (as outlined in Section 4.4.1) the knock on effect of HRSG sales in the Chinese market place may well be significant. However, it is apparent that the final market size will depend entirely on the success of the demonstration and the cost reductions achieved. In addition, the air blown gasification combined cycle (ABGC) has been proposed as another possible contributor to China’s future energy generation. This cycle also is dependent on the use of the HRSG to enhance overall performance. Essentially the ABGC is a hybrid combined cycle power generation technology based on the partial gasification of coal [84] . The combustion of the fuel-gas is undertaken within a gas turbine. The combustion of the remaining gasifier char is carried out in a circulating fluidised bed combustor where steam is generated to drive a steam turbine. A key feature of the ABGC process is its potential to achieve high cycle efficiencies with low environmental emissions. ABGC development is estimated at being around five years behind IGCC. However, its main attractiveness stems from the fact that it is well suited to poor quality high sulphur coal which is in abundance in the developing countries of China and also India. Predictions indicate that on the basis that a working plant could be established within the period 2005-2010, then within 15 years some 10% of the market share of coal fired power generation could be supplied via ABGC. (114)
Detailed studies of CCTs within the Chinese market place have been undertaken by Mitsui Babcock [70, 84, 85] along with various Chinese research institutions. This previous work has been undertaken with the financial support of the DTI. 6.6.1 Possible Non-Technical Barriers to Development of Combined Cycle Technology within China The specific market for HRSGs within China is clearly dependent on the Chinese Authorities’ adoption of a positive policy on cleaner coal technologies. In general the Chinese market is seen as being hindered by seven factors listed below. 6.6.2 Complex Administrative Procedures China is in the process of government and administration reform and enormous changes have been made in recent years. In 1998, the State Power Corporation (SPC) replaced the Ministry of Electric Power and the government's administrative responsibility for the power industry was transferred to the State Economic and Trade Commission (SETC). Traditionally, the State Development and Planning Commission (SDPC) is the top authority responsible for approving new power plant projects. The State Economic and Trade Commission (SETC) is the top authority responsible for approving renovation projects. These two commissions are the most powerful government agencies in terms of applying for and receiving approval for cleaner coal technology projects. The first step in influencing the SDPC and SETC is to inform them of the technology, the history of development, the current situation, technical and economical features, advantages and disadvantages. Providing them with documents, inviting them to attend a workshop, or visit research facilities or demonstration sites therefore allows this interaction to take place. Secondly, if a project is being prepared, a feasibility study report with favourable financing arrangements such as a soft loan or a grant from international organisations will certainly have a positive influence on the approval process. 6.6.3 Low Institutional Capability The lack of collaboration between design institutes, research institutes and manufacturers acts as a key barrier to international technology transfer. Most R&D for cleaner coal technologies requires a multidisciplinary approach. In addition, China’s state-owned manufacturing enterprises have not developed commercial or innovative skills and there is a lack of market pressure on Chinese enterprises. With the deepening of economic reform and system restructuring, however, all state-owned enterprises and research institutes will accelerate the process of upgrading management and technology in order to improve competitiveness. (115)
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