Head First HTML with CSS

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A Web Detour Q: My hosting company told me to use SFTP, not FTP. What’s the difference? A: SFTP, or Secure File Transfer Protocol, is a more secure version of FTP, but works mostly the same way. Just make sure your FTP application supports SFTP before you make a purchase. Q: So do I edit my files on my computer and then transfer them each time I want to update my site? 134 Chapter 4 there are no Dumb Questions A: Yes, for small sites, that is normally the way you do things. Use your computer to test your changes and make sure things are working the way you want before transferring your files to the server. For larger Web sites, organizations often create a test site and a live site so that they can preview changes on the test site before they are moved to the live site. If you’re using a tool like Dreamweaver or GoLive, these tools will allow you to test your changes on your own computer, and then when you save your files, they are automatically transferred to the Web site. Here’s a few of the most popular FTP applications for Mac and Windows: For Mac OS X: Popular FTP applications ß Fetch (http://fetchsoftworks.com/) is one of the most popular FTP applications for Mac. $ ßTransmit (http://www.panic.com/transmit/) $ ß Cyberduck (http://cyberduck.ch/) FREE For Windows: ß Smart FTP (http://www.smartftp.com/download/) $ ß WS_FTP (http://www.ipswitch.com/products/file-transfer. asp). FREE for the basic version, $ for the Pro version Q: Can I edit my files directly on the Web server? A: That usually isn’t a good idea because your visitors will see all your changes and errors before you have time to preview and fix them. That said, some hosting companies will allow you to log into the server and make changes on the server. To do that you usually need to know your way around a DOS or Linux command prompt, depending on what kind of operating system your server is running. Most FTP applications have a trial version you can download to try before you buy.
DO try this at home Back to business... It’s another homework assignment for you (check each item as you do it): ® Make sure you know where your root folder is on the server at your hosting company. ® Figure out the best way (and the best tool to use) to transfer files from your computer to the server. ® For now, go ahead and transfer the Starbuzz “index.html” and “mission.html” files to the root folder of the server. That’s the end of the detour and we’re back on the Web superhighway. At this point you should have the two Starbuzz pages, “index.html” and “mission.html”, sitting under your root folder on a server (or if not, you’re at least following along). After all this work, wouldn’t it be satisfying to make your browser retrieve those pages over the Internet and display them for you? Let’s figure out the right address to type into your browser... All Web page addresses start <strong>with</strong> this, right? We’ll look into what http means in a sec. starbuzz www.starbuzzcoffee.com getting connected . . . index.html . . . mission.html End of Web Detour http:// www.starbuzzcoffee.com / index.html Here’s the Web site name. For the root folder we just use “/”. And here’s the page file name. you are here 135
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Upload by mohaa99 (show some respe
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More Praise for Head First HTML wit
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Other related books from O’Reilly
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Head First HTML with CSS and XHTML
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the authors Authors of Head First H
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table of contents x 1 The No pressu
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table of contents xii h2 img h2 h2
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table of contents xiv Here’s a lo
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table of contents xvi 7 Putting I l
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table of contents 1 0 3 2 xviii 4 5
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table of contents xx Weekly Elixir
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table of contents xxii 13 tables an
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table of contents xxiv 15 The i Ind
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how to use this book Who is this bo
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how to use this book xxviii intro W
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how to use this book Here’s what
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how to use this book Read Me This i
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the review team Tech Reviewers Lous
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1 getting to know HTML The Language
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What does the Web server do? Web se
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What the browser creates... When th
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Sharpen your pencil You’re closer
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Your big break at Starbuzz Coffee S
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Creating the Starbuzz Web page Of c
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Step four: Change your TextEdit Pre
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Step two: Open Notepad Once you’v
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Meanwhile, back at Starbuzz Coffee.
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Opening your Web page in a browser
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Starbuzz Coffee Beverages House
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Are we there yet? You have an HTML
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Tags dissected... Okay, you’ve se
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Exercise Starbuzz Coffee’s Missio
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Meet the style element To add style
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Cruisin’ with style... It’s tim
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Exercise Now that you’ve put a li
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HTML CSS Right. In fact we’re tot
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6 6 15 6 6 15 14 Across HTMLcross I
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Starbuzz Coffee Beverage
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Exercise Solutions Starbuzz Coffe
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2 going further, with hypertext Mee
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elixir.html A page listing some ref
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2 3 Edit lounge.html Open “lounge
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What does the browser do? 1 First,
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Understanding attributes Attributes
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Attributes Exposed This week’s in
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Label Destination What you write in
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Organizing the lounge... Let’s gi
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I think the problem is that the bro
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3 4 Trace a path from the source to
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Going the other way; linking up int
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Q: What’s a parent folder? If I h
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Finding the path from “elixir.htm
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BULLET POINTS When you want to lin
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It’s time for the competition to
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Exercise Solutions Head First Lou
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Sharpen your pencil Solution “abo
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3 building blocks We better find so
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From Journal to Web site, at 12mph
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From a sketch to an outline Now tha
Page 121 and 122: Don’t forget, you always need the
Page 123 and 124: Adding some new elements You have t
Page 125 and 126: Wait a sec... you removed the doubl
Page 127 and 128: Five-Minute Mystery The Case of the
Page 129 and 130: Adding a Let’s get a into Tony
Page 131 and 132: Solved: The Case of the Elements Se
Page 133 and 134: there are no Dumb Questions Q: I th
Page 135 and 136: Inline Block Well, a lot of people
Page 137 and 138: Exercise Here’s what the changes
Page 139 and 140: Q: So, the only purpose of is to i
Page 141 and 142: Remember, it’s important to use t
Page 143 and 144: Step Two: Enclose your list items w
Page 145 and 146: Exercise Here’s another list from
Page 147 and 148: Putting one element inside anoth
Page 149 and 150: Using nesting to make sure your tag
Page 151 and 152: A bunch of HTML elements, in full c
Page 153 and 154: Q: Wow, I never knew the browser co
Page 155 and 156: BULLET POINTS n n n Rockin’ page.
Page 157 and 158: Exercise Solutions Here’s the rew
Page 159 and 160: Top 100 Top 100 Dark Side of the
Page 161: Exercise Solutions 9 L 7 B Across 4
Page 164 and 165: getting on the web Getting Starbuzz
Page 166 and 167: what’s the goal A Web Detour HELL
Page 168 and 169: what’s the goal A Web Detour Movi
Page 170 and 171: what’s the goal A Web Detour As m
Page 174 and 175: uniform resource locators Mainstree
Page 176 and 177: absolute paths to your files What
Page 178 and 179: easier urls 140 Chapter 4 I’d lik
Page 180 and 181: 142 Chapter 4 Earl needs a little h
Page 182 and 183: linking to other web pages How do w
Page 184 and 185: testing those links And now for the
Page 186 and 187: time for a little mystery Five-Minu
Page 188 and 189: est practices for your links The ti
Page 190 and 191: creating destinations Using the el
Page 192 and 193: linking to a destination anchor Now
Page 194 and 195: case solved, its all about relative
Page 196 and 197: targeting windows Opening a new win
Page 198 and 199: a little brain crossover 160 Chapte
Page 200 and 201: exercise solutions Sharpen your pen
Page 202 and 203: exercise solutions Exercise Solutio
Page 204 and 205: images in your html How the browser
Page 206 and 207: how browsers load images 3 4 Having
Page 208 and 209: differences between gif and jpeg He
Page 210 and 211: when to use gif or jpeg 172 Chapter
Page 212 and 213: using urls with images : it’s not
Page 214 and 215: use the alt attribute for accessibi
Page 216 and 217: a fan site for ipods Creating the u
Page 218 and 219: inserting an image Sharpen your pen
Page 220 and 221: all about image sizes Q: What’s w
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choosing a photo editor 184 Chapter
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esizing an image Resizing the image
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using save for web As you can see,
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image saving and quality Save the i
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comparing image settings d 192 Chap
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viewing mypod with resized images T
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using thumbnail images Create the t
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images and layout Take myPod for an
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adding individual image pages Creat
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adding links to images Add the imag
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adding a logo 204 Chapter 5 The myP
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choosing between gif and jpeg What
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creating a transparent gif Save the
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setting a matte color Set the matte
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testing the transparent gif And now
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eview using images with html 214 Ch
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exercise solutions 216 Chapter 5 Ex
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exercise solutions Exercise Solutio
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6 standards, compliance, and all th
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standards, compliance, and all that
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HTML 4.01 Ah, the good life. HTML 4
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We can’t have your pages putting
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Okay, I think we’ve got it now. L
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See, piece of cake. The DOCTYPE is
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Validating the Head First Lounge We
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Fixing that error Okay, this looks
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See, we’re getting this error mes
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Making the validator (and more than
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Okay, it’s been more than a “fe
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I think we’ve been pretty darn st
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Do we have validation? standards, c
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Fixing the nesting problem So it lo
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Q: Okay, I think I get all this, an
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Webville Guide to Strict HTML 4.01
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there are no Dumb Questions Q: That
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Transitional Strict So, you’re ju
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Webville Forecast standards, com
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BULLET POINTS n HTML 4.01 is the HT
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Exercise Solutions standards, co
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7 moving to XHTML Putting an ‘X
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What is XML? Okay, we’re going to
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I don’t get it. We changed the DO
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XHTML is becoming the language of c
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If my HTML is transitional 4.01, an
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3 All empty tags should end in “
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Validation: it’s not just for HTM
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XHTML sounds like a good thing. Is
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HTML XHTML You’re forgetting a fe
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Across Micro XHTMLcross It’s been
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8 getting started with CSS Don’t
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getting started with css you are he
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Using CSS with XHTML We’re sure C
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Getting CSS into your XHTML Okay, y
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Cruising with style: the test drive
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Let’s put a line under the welcom
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Q: So how does that work when you h
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getting started with css Head F
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Sharpen your pencil Color in the el
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Getting the Lounge style into the e
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Linking from “lounge.html” to t
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Test driving the entire lounge... S
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Sharpen your pencil Now that you’
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It’s time to talk about your inhe
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Test drive your new CSS As usual, g
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Test drive Add a rule for the elem
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Adding a class to “elixir.html”
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A greentea test drive Save, and the
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Cool! Yes, that works. One more que
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And if we still don’t have a clea
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CSS XHTML You have to admit XHTML i
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If you have errors in your CSS, usu
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Making sure the Lounge CSS validate
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BULLET POINTS n n n CSS contains si
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Markup Magnets Solution Remember dr
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ody { } font-family: sans-serif; h1
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Who gets the inheritance? h1 and h2
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Exercise Solutions 2 S 11 L E R 3 1
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common text properties Text and fon
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overview of font families What is a
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develop your sense of fonts Bainbri
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improving tony’s journal Dusting
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some fonts questions Test driving T
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how to specify font sizes Adjusting
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using keywords for size 354 Chapter
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setting up tony’s font sizes Let
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some more questions on font size Q:
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using normal weight Test drive the
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using a font style Styling Tony’s
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overview of web colors How do Web c
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the color names 366 Chapter 9 Why d
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using rgb values Specify color in r
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understanding hex codes The two min
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using a photo editor for web colors
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put your hex skills to the test 374
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testing and more hex colors Test dr
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using a border instead of an underl
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a crossword on color 380 Chapter 9
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exercise solutions 382 Chapter 9 Cr
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10 the box model Getting Intimate w
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The music CDs and artists are style
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A very quick test drive Let’s do
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Getting ready for some major renova
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What is the border? Elements can ha
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Padding Margins Our guarantee: at t
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Meanwhile back at the lounge... We
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Creating the guarantee style Let’
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Padding, border, and margins for th
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A test drive with the margin When y
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Wait a sec, it seems like we have t
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Fixing the background image By defa
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Are we there yet? Make sure you sav
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Border Width The border-width prope
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Congratulations! Bravo! You’ve ta
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Head First: An id attribute? I thou
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But how do I use id in CSS? You sel
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Step Three: save your changes and r
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Using multiple style sheets So how
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Q: That’s pretty cool. So I can s
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XHTMLcross the box model You’re r
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Sharpen your pencil Solution Left m
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11 divs and spans Advanced Web Cons
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A close look at the elixirs XHTML A
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Let’s explore how we can divide a
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? brain power On a referral from th
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Q: So, a acts like a container tha
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Taking the for a test drive That w
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Adding some real style to the elixi
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Test driving the width Next, save t
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Well then how do we specify the wid
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Adding the basic styles to the elix
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That’s interesting because I noti
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We’re almost there... We’re clo
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What we need is a way to select des
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Changing the color of the elixir he
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Look what you’ve accomplished...
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But there’s more... Here’s anot
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there are no Dumb Questions Q: Shou
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Jim I was thinking we could just wr
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Step three: styling the s Before we
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Hey guys, I know you think you’re
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How can you style elements based on
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Putting those pseudo-classes to wor
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Isn’t it about time we talk about
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The cascade For this exercise, you
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Q: What makes a specificity number
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Step five: Finally, sort any confli
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Super brain power ?This is a specia
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Sharpen your pencil Solution h1 Her
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Sharpen your pencil Solution Your j
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12 layout and positioning Arranging
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Use the flow, Luke The Flow is what
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What about inline elements? So you
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One more thing you should know abou
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How to float an element Let’s ste
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Behind the scenes at the lounge Now
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The new Starbuzz Let’s take a qui
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layout and positioning from at
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a:link { color: #b76666; text-decor
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I have an idea. In the future, why
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Fixing the two-column problem Are y
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Test drive As usual, save your “s
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Back to clearing up the overlap pro
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Q: Do margins collapse on floated e
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Step One: start with the sidebar We
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Liquid and Frozen Designs All the d
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Test driving with a tank of jello A
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Another example of absolute positio
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Using absolute positioning We’re
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Time for the absolute test drive Ma
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One tradeoff you can make to fix th
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Positioning the award We want the a
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Float Absolute layout and positioni
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Sharpen your pencil Time to put all
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How does fixed positioning work? Co
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Putting the coupon on the page Add
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Getting relative This is it, the la
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To three-columns and beyond... Whil
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XHTMLcross layout and positioning T
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Exercise Solutions Sharpen your pen
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Solution 12 F 5 J 1 V 2 F 3 Z 4 C I
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something new from tony 550 Chapter
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an xhtml table How to create a tabl
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tables up close Tables dissected Yo
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testing you on tables Artist Album
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checking out the unstyled table Tes
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tables and style Now let’s style
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cells and the box model 562 Chapter
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dealing with table borders Getting
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coloring cells How about some color
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using table spans Another look at T
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testing your table knowledge 570 Ch
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we need a nested table Four out of
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testing and improvements Test drivi
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how to override nested styles Overr
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ack to styling lists Giving the lis
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some finer points about styling lis
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some left brain action 582 Chapter
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exercise solutions Sharpen your pen
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exercise solutions 588 Chapter 13 J
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exercise solutions 1 S 590 Chapter
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owsers and forms How forms work If
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how to write a form What you write
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the form element How the form eleme
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overview of form elements What can
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more form elements What can go in a
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the bean machine Here’s what the
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creating the form Getting ready to
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form element names How form element
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adding input elements Back to getti
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using a select Adding the element
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providing choices ? brain power Cha
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adding checkboxes Exercise 614 Chap
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successful submission The final tes
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match the form names Your informat
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form methods: get and post POST GET
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test yourself, get and post Sharpen
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tabular versus presentation 624 Cha
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deciding how to style forms To Tabl
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the xhtml, continued Ship to: N
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styling the form Styling the form a
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other form elements What more could
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eview of forms 634 Chapter 14 BULLE
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exercise solutions 636 Chapter 14 S
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the end 638 Chapter 14 Congratulati
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specialized selectors #1 More Selec
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splitting your pages #2 Frames HTML
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web tools #4 Tools for Creating Web
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generating pages #6 Server-side Scr
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etter printing with css #8 More abo
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etter looking blogs #10 Blogs Weblo
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the index block elements flow 488-4
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the index CSS (continued) using wit
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the index forms (continued) picking
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the index images (continued) users
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the index No Dumb Questions !import
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the index passwords in forms 633 PD
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the index spanning rows and columns
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the index text, font size (continue
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