Head First HTML with CSS

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another way to specify line height Fixing the line height Recall that in the last chapter we made the line height of the text in the lounge a little taller than normal. This looks great, but in the elixirs we want our text to be a normal, single-spaced, line height to match the handout. Sounds easy enough, right? Just set the line-height property on the and everything will be fine, because line-height is inherited. The only problem is that the headings will also inherit the line-height, and we’ll end up with something like this. #elixirs { line-height: 1em; } 456 Chapter 11 If you set the line-height property on the entire then it will be inherited by all elements in the , including the headings. Notice that the line height in the heading is too small and the two lines are starting to run together. The reason that the line-height for the elixirs heading is too small is because every element in the elixirs inherits the line-height of 1em, or “1 times the font size of the elixirs element”, which in this case is “small”, or about 12 pixels (depending on your browser). Remember, the elixirs is inheriting its font-size from the element, which we set to “small.” What we really want is for all the elements in the elixirs to have a line-height that’s based not on the font-size of the elixirs , but rather the font-size of each element itself. We want the heading to have a line-height that is 1 times its font-size (which is 120% of “small”), and the should also have a line-height of 1 times its font-size (which is “small”). How can you do this? Well, line-height is a bit special because you can use just a number instead of a relative measure – like em or % – for line-height. When you use just a number, you’re telling each element in the elixirs to have a line-height of 1 times its own font-size, rather than the font-size of the elixirs . Give it a try; set the line-height of the elixirs to 1, and you’ll see that it fixes the heading. #elixirs { line-height: 1; } Add a line-height of 1 to the elixirs to change the line-height of each element in it. Here are the font sizes of the elements. We set body to “small”, so that’s inherited by elixirs. The line-height of is set to 1 times the font size of elixirs, which is “small”, or about 12 pixels. We want to have a line-height that is 1 times its own font size, that is, 14 pixels (120% of small). body size is “small” div id=”elixirs” size is “small” h2 is 120% of “small” body line-height is 1.6 times “small” div id=”elixirs” line-height is 1 times “small”, or about 12 pixels h2 is 120% of “small” line-height is 1 times 120% of small, or about 14 pixels The font-size of the p element is “small” (p inherits its font-size from the elixirs ) so it will have a line-height of 12 pixels, which is what we want.
Look what you’ve accomplished... Take a look at the elixirs section now. You’ve completely transformed it, and now it looks just like the handout. And, other than adding a and an id attribute to your XHTML, you were able to do this with just a few CSS rules and properties. By now, you should be realizing just how powerful CSS is, and how flexible your Web pages are when you separate your structure (XHTML) from your presentation (CSS). You can give your XHTML a whole new look, simply by changing the CSS. Wow, that’s fantastic! You were able to make the elixirs section on the Web site look like the handout, with just a little CSS. Remember, this is how the elixirs section looked when we started... divs and spans ... and here’s what it looks like now. you are here 457
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More Praise for Head First HTML wit
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Other related books from O’Reilly
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Head First HTML with CSS and XHTML
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the authors Authors of Head First H
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table of contents x 1 The No pressu
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table of contents xii h2 img h2 h2
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table of contents xiv Here’s a lo
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table of contents xvi 7 Putting I l
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table of contents 1 0 3 2 xviii 4 5
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table of contents xx Weekly Elixir
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table of contents xxii 13 tables an
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table of contents xxiv 15 The i Ind
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how to use this book Who is this bo
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how to use this book xxviii intro W
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how to use this book Here’s what
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how to use this book Read Me This i
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the review team Tech Reviewers Lous
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1 getting to know HTML The Language
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What does the Web server do? Web se
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What the browser creates... When th
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Sharpen your pencil You’re closer
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Your big break at Starbuzz Coffee S
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Creating the Starbuzz Web page Of c
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Step four: Change your TextEdit Pre
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Step two: Open Notepad Once you’v
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Meanwhile, back at Starbuzz Coffee.
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Opening your Web page in a browser
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Starbuzz Coffee Beverages House
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Are we there yet? You have an HTML
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Tags dissected... Okay, you’ve se
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Exercise Starbuzz Coffee’s Missio
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Meet the style element To add style
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Cruisin’ with style... It’s tim
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Exercise Now that you’ve put a li
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HTML CSS Right. In fact we’re tot
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6 6 15 6 6 15 14 Across HTMLcross I
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Starbuzz Coffee Beverage
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Exercise Solutions Starbuzz Coffe
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2 going further, with hypertext Mee
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elixir.html A page listing some ref
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2 3 Edit lounge.html Open “lounge
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What does the browser do? 1 First,
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Understanding attributes Attributes
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Attributes Exposed This week’s in
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Label Destination What you write in
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Organizing the lounge... Let’s gi
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I think the problem is that the bro
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3 4 Trace a path from the source to
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Going the other way; linking up int
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Q: What’s a parent folder? If I h
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Finding the path from “elixir.htm
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BULLET POINTS When you want to lin
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It’s time for the competition to
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Exercise Solutions Head First Lou
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Sharpen your pencil Solution “abo
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3 building blocks We better find so
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From Journal to Web site, at 12mph
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From a sketch to an outline Now tha
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Don’t forget, you always need the
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Adding some new elements You have t
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Wait a sec... you removed the doubl
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Five-Minute Mystery The Case of the
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Adding a Let’s get a into Tony
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Solved: The Case of the Elements Se
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there are no Dumb Questions Q: I th
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Inline Block Well, a lot of people
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Exercise Here’s what the changes
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Q: So, the only purpose of is to i
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Remember, it’s important to use t
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Step Two: Enclose your list items w
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Exercise Here’s another list from
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Putting one element inside anoth
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Using nesting to make sure your tag
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A bunch of HTML elements, in full c
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Q: Wow, I never knew the browser co
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BULLET POINTS n n n Rockin’ page.
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Exercise Solutions Here’s the rew
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Top 100 Top 100 Dark Side of the
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Exercise Solutions 9 L 7 B Across 4
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getting on the web Getting Starbuzz
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what’s the goal A Web Detour HELL
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what’s the goal A Web Detour Movi
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what’s the goal A Web Detour As m
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A Web Detour Q: My hosting company
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uniform resource locators Mainstree
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absolute paths to your files What
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easier urls 140 Chapter 4 I’d lik
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142 Chapter 4 Earl needs a little h
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linking to other web pages How do w
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testing those links And now for the
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time for a little mystery Five-Minu
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est practices for your links The ti
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creating destinations Using the el
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linking to a destination anchor Now
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case solved, its all about relative
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targeting windows Opening a new win
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a little brain crossover 160 Chapte
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exercise solutions Sharpen your pen
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exercise solutions Exercise Solutio
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images in your html How the browser
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how browsers load images 3 4 Having
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differences between gif and jpeg He
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when to use gif or jpeg 172 Chapter
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using urls with images : it’s not
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use the alt attribute for accessibi
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a fan site for ipods Creating the u
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inserting an image Sharpen your pen
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all about image sizes Q: What’s w
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choosing a photo editor 184 Chapter
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esizing an image Resizing the image
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using save for web As you can see,
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image saving and quality Save the i
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comparing image settings d 192 Chap
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viewing mypod with resized images T
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using thumbnail images Create the t
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images and layout Take myPod for an
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adding individual image pages Creat
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adding links to images Add the imag
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adding a logo 204 Chapter 5 The myP
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choosing between gif and jpeg What
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creating a transparent gif Save the
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setting a matte color Set the matte
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testing the transparent gif And now
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eview using images with html 214 Ch
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exercise solutions 216 Chapter 5 Ex
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6 standards, compliance, and all th
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standards, compliance, and all that
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HTML 4.01 Ah, the good life. HTML 4
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We can’t have your pages putting
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Okay, I think we’ve got it now. L
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See, piece of cake. The DOCTYPE is
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Validating the Head First Lounge We
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Fixing that error Okay, this looks
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See, we’re getting this error mes
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Making the validator (and more than
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Okay, it’s been more than a “fe
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I think we’ve been pretty darn st
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Do we have validation? standards, c
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Fixing the nesting problem So it lo
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Q: Okay, I think I get all this, an
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Webville Guide to Strict HTML 4.01
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there are no Dumb Questions Q: That
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Transitional Strict So, you’re ju
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Webville Forecast standards, com
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BULLET POINTS n HTML 4.01 is the HT
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Exercise Solutions standards, co
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7 moving to XHTML Putting an ‘X
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What is XML? Okay, we’re going to
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I don’t get it. We changed the DO
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XHTML is becoming the language of c
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If my HTML is transitional 4.01, an
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3 All empty tags should end in “
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Validation: it’s not just for HTM
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XHTML sounds like a good thing. Is
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HTML XHTML You’re forgetting a fe
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Across Micro XHTMLcross It’s been
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8 getting started with CSS Don’t
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getting started with css you are he
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Using CSS with XHTML We’re sure C
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Getting CSS into your XHTML Okay, y
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Cruising with style: the test drive
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Let’s put a line under the welcom
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Q: So how does that work when you h
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getting started with css Head F
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Sharpen your pencil Color in the el
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Getting the Lounge style into the e
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Linking from “lounge.html” to t
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Test driving the entire lounge... S
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Sharpen your pencil Now that you’
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It’s time to talk about your inhe
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Test drive your new CSS As usual, g
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Test drive Add a rule for the elem
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Adding a class to “elixir.html”
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A greentea test drive Save, and the
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Cool! Yes, that works. One more que
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And if we still don’t have a clea
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CSS XHTML You have to admit XHTML i
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If you have errors in your CSS, usu
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Making sure the Lounge CSS validate
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BULLET POINTS n n n CSS contains si
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Markup Magnets Solution Remember dr
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ody { } font-family: sans-serif; h1
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Who gets the inheritance? h1 and h2
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Exercise Solutions 2 S 11 L E R 3 1
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common text properties Text and fon
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overview of font families What is a
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develop your sense of fonts Bainbri
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improving tony’s journal Dusting
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some fonts questions Test driving T
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how to specify font sizes Adjusting
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using keywords for size 354 Chapter
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setting up tony’s font sizes Let
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some more questions on font size Q:
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using normal weight Test drive the
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using a font style Styling Tony’s
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overview of web colors How do Web c
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the color names 366 Chapter 9 Why d
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using rgb values Specify color in r
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understanding hex codes The two min
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using a photo editor for web colors
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put your hex skills to the test 374
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testing and more hex colors Test dr
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using a border instead of an underl
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a crossword on color 380 Chapter 9
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exercise solutions 382 Chapter 9 Cr
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10 the box model Getting Intimate w
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The music CDs and artists are style
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A very quick test drive Let’s do
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Getting ready for some major renova
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What is the border? Elements can ha
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Padding Margins Our guarantee: at t
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Meanwhile back at the lounge... We
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Creating the guarantee style Let’
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Padding, border, and margins for th
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A test drive with the margin When y
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Page 445 and 446: Fixing the background image By defa
Page 447 and 448: Are we there yet? Make sure you sav
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Page 453 and 454: Head First: An id attribute? I thou
Page 455 and 456: But how do I use id in CSS? You sel
Page 457 and 458: Step Three: save your changes and r
Page 459 and 460: Using multiple style sheets So how
Page 461 and 462: Q: That’s pretty cool. So I can s
Page 463 and 464: XHTMLcross the box model You’re r
Page 465 and 466: Sharpen your pencil Solution Left m
Page 467 and 468: 11 divs and spans Advanced Web Cons
Page 469 and 470: A close look at the elixirs XHTML A
Page 471 and 472: Let’s explore how we can divide a
Page 473 and 474: ? brain power On a referral from th
Page 475 and 476: Q: So, a acts like a container tha
Page 477 and 478: Taking the for a test drive That w
Page 479 and 480: Adding some real style to the elixi
Page 481 and 482: Test driving the width Next, save t
Page 483 and 484: Well then how do we specify the wid
Page 485 and 486: Adding the basic styles to the elix
Page 487 and 488: That’s interesting because I noti
Page 489 and 490: We’re almost there... We’re clo
Page 491 and 492: What we need is a way to select des
Page 493: Changing the color of the elixir he
Page 497 and 498: But there’s more... Here’s anot
Page 499 and 500: there are no Dumb Questions Q: Shou
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Page 503 and 504: Step three: styling the s Before we
Page 505 and 506: Hey guys, I know you think you’re
Page 507 and 508: How can you style elements based on
Page 509 and 510: Putting those pseudo-classes to wor
Page 511 and 512: Isn’t it about time we talk about
Page 513 and 514: The cascade For this exercise, you
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Page 517 and 518: Step five: Finally, sort any confli
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Page 521 and 522: Sharpen your pencil Solution h1 Her
Page 523 and 524: Sharpen your pencil Solution Your j
Page 525 and 526: 12 layout and positioning Arranging
Page 527 and 528: Use the flow, Luke The Flow is what
Page 529 and 530: What about inline elements? So you
Page 531 and 532: One more thing you should know abou
Page 533 and 534: How to float an element Let’s ste
Page 535 and 536: Behind the scenes at the lounge Now
Page 537 and 538: The new Starbuzz Let’s take a qui
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Fixing the two-column problem Are y
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Test drive As usual, save your “s
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Back to clearing up the overlap pro
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Q: Do margins collapse on floated e
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Step One: start with the sidebar We
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Liquid and Frozen Designs All the d
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Test driving with a tank of jello A
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Another example of absolute positio
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Using absolute positioning We’re
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Time for the absolute test drive Ma
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One tradeoff you can make to fix th
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Positioning the award We want the a
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Float Absolute layout and positioni
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Sharpen your pencil Time to put all
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How does fixed positioning work? Co
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Putting the coupon on the page Add
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Getting relative This is it, the la
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To three-columns and beyond... Whil
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XHTMLcross layout and positioning T
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Exercise Solutions Sharpen your pen
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Solution 12 F 5 J 1 V 2 F 3 Z 4 C I
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something new from tony 550 Chapter
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an xhtml table How to create a tabl
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tables up close Tables dissected Yo
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testing you on tables Artist Album
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checking out the unstyled table Tes
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tables and style Now let’s style
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cells and the box model 562 Chapter
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dealing with table borders Getting
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coloring cells How about some color
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using table spans Another look at T
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testing your table knowledge 570 Ch
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we need a nested table Four out of
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testing and improvements Test drivi
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how to override nested styles Overr
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ack to styling lists Giving the lis
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some finer points about styling lis
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some left brain action 582 Chapter
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exercise solutions Sharpen your pen
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exercise solutions 588 Chapter 13 J
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exercise solutions 1 S 590 Chapter
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owsers and forms How forms work If
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how to write a form What you write
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the form element How the form eleme
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overview of form elements What can
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more form elements What can go in a
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the bean machine Here’s what the
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creating the form Getting ready to
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form element names How form element
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adding input elements Back to getti
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using a select Adding the element
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providing choices ? brain power Cha
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adding checkboxes Exercise 614 Chap
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successful submission The final tes
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match the form names Your informat
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form methods: get and post POST GET
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test yourself, get and post Sharpen
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tabular versus presentation 624 Cha
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deciding how to style forms To Tabl
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the xhtml, continued Ship to: N
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styling the form Styling the form a
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other form elements What more could
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eview of forms 634 Chapter 14 BULLE
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exercise solutions 636 Chapter 14 S
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the end 638 Chapter 14 Congratulati
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specialized selectors #1 More Selec
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splitting your pages #2 Frames HTML
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web tools #4 Tools for Creating Web
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generating pages #6 Server-side Scr
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etter printing with css #8 More abo
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etter looking blogs #10 Blogs Weblo
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the index block elements flow 488-4
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the index CSS (continued) using wit
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the index forms (continued) picking
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the index images (continued) users
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the index No Dumb Questions !import
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the index passwords in forms 633 PD
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the index spanning rows and columns
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the index text, font size (continue
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