Head First HTML with CSS

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questioning margins Q: So if I have a block element with a zero margin, and a block element below it with a top margin of 20, the margin between them would end up being 20? A: Right. If one of the margins is bigger, then the margin becomes the larger of the two, even if one margin is zero. But if the margins are the same, say, 10 pixels, then they just get collapsed together to 10 pixels total. Q: Can inline elements really have margins? 494 Chapter 12 there are no Dumb Questions A: They sure can, although you won’t find that you set the margins of inline elements often. The one exception is images. It is very common to not only set margins but also borders and padding on images. And while we aren’t going to be setting any inline element margins in this chapter, we will be setting the border on one a little later. Q: What if I have one element nested inside another and they both have margins? Can they collapse? A: Yes, that can happen. Here’s how to figure out when they will: whenever you have two vertical margins touching, they will collapse, even if one element is nested inside the other. Notice that if the outer We’ve been through seven pages of “flow.” When are you going to explain that one little property we put into our CSS file? You know, the float: right; To understand float, you have to understand flow. element has a border, the margins will never touch, so they won’t collapse. But if you remove the border, they will. This is sometimes puzzling when you first see it happen, so put it in the back of your mind for when it occurs. Q: So how exactly does text work as an inline element since its content is not an element? A: Even if text is content, the browser needs to flow it onto the page, right? So the browser figures out how much text fits on a given line, and then treats that line of text as if it were an inline element. The browser even creates a little box around it. As you’ve seen, if you resize the page, then all those blocks may change as the text is refit within the content area. It might be one little property, but the way it works is closely tied to how the browser flows elements and content onto the page. But hey, you know that now, so we can explain float. Here’s the short answer: the float property first takes an element and floats it as far left or right as it can (based on the value of float). It then flows all the content below it around the element. Of course there’s a few more details, so let’s take a look...
How to float an element Let’s step through an example of how you get an element to float, and then we’ll look at what it does to the flow of the page when you do. First, give it an identity Let’s take one of these paragraphs and give it an id. We’d like to call it the “amazing floating paragraph”, but we’ll just call it “amazing” for short. Now give it a width A requirement for any floating element is that it have a width. We’ll make this paragraph 200 pixels wide. Here’s the rule: #amazing { width: 200px; } Now the paragraph is 200 pixels wide, and the inline content contained in it has adjusted to that width. Keep in mind, the paragraph is a block element, so no elements are going to move up beside it because all block elements have linebreaks before and after them. h1 h2 h2 p p p text p id=“amazing” h1 h2 h2 p p p text text span em span em layout and positioning text text text text img img img img text p id=“amazing” text text text text text span em span em text text text img img img img you are here 495
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More Praise for Head First HTML wit
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Other related books from O’Reilly
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Head First HTML with CSS and XHTML
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the authors Authors of Head First H
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table of contents x 1 The No pressu
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table of contents xii h2 img h2 h2
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table of contents xiv Here’s a lo
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table of contents xvi 7 Putting I l
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table of contents 1 0 3 2 xviii 4 5
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table of contents xx Weekly Elixir
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table of contents xxii 13 tables an
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table of contents xxiv 15 The i Ind
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how to use this book Who is this bo
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how to use this book xxviii intro W
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how to use this book Here’s what
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how to use this book Read Me This i
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the review team Tech Reviewers Lous
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1 getting to know HTML The Language
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What does the Web server do? Web se
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What the browser creates... When th
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Sharpen your pencil You’re closer
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Your big break at Starbuzz Coffee S
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Creating the Starbuzz Web page Of c
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Step four: Change your TextEdit Pre
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Step two: Open Notepad Once you’v
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Meanwhile, back at Starbuzz Coffee.
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Opening your Web page in a browser
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Starbuzz Coffee Beverages House
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Are we there yet? You have an HTML
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Tags dissected... Okay, you’ve se
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Exercise Starbuzz Coffee’s Missio
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Meet the style element To add style
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Cruisin’ with style... It’s tim
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Exercise Now that you’ve put a li
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HTML CSS Right. In fact we’re tot
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6 6 15 6 6 15 14 Across HTMLcross I
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Starbuzz Coffee Beverage
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Exercise Solutions Starbuzz Coffe
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2 going further, with hypertext Mee
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elixir.html A page listing some ref
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2 3 Edit lounge.html Open “lounge
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What does the browser do? 1 First,
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Understanding attributes Attributes
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Attributes Exposed This week’s in
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Label Destination What you write in
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Organizing the lounge... Let’s gi
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I think the problem is that the bro
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3 4 Trace a path from the source to
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Going the other way; linking up int
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Q: What’s a parent folder? If I h
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Finding the path from “elixir.htm
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BULLET POINTS When you want to lin
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It’s time for the competition to
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Exercise Solutions Head First Lou
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Sharpen your pencil Solution “abo
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3 building blocks We better find so
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From Journal to Web site, at 12mph
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From a sketch to an outline Now tha
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Don’t forget, you always need the
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Adding some new elements You have t
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Wait a sec... you removed the doubl
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Five-Minute Mystery The Case of the
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Adding a Let’s get a into Tony
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Solved: The Case of the Elements Se
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there are no Dumb Questions Q: I th
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Inline Block Well, a lot of people
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Exercise Here’s what the changes
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Q: So, the only purpose of is to i
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Remember, it’s important to use t
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Step Two: Enclose your list items w
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Exercise Here’s another list from
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Putting one element inside anoth
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Using nesting to make sure your tag
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A bunch of HTML elements, in full c
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Q: Wow, I never knew the browser co
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BULLET POINTS n n n Rockin’ page.
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Exercise Solutions Here’s the rew
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Top 100 Top 100 Dark Side of the
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Exercise Solutions 9 L 7 B Across 4
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getting on the web Getting Starbuzz
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what’s the goal A Web Detour HELL
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what’s the goal A Web Detour Movi
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what’s the goal A Web Detour As m
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A Web Detour Q: My hosting company
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uniform resource locators Mainstree
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absolute paths to your files What
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easier urls 140 Chapter 4 I’d lik
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142 Chapter 4 Earl needs a little h
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linking to other web pages How do w
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testing those links And now for the
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time for a little mystery Five-Minu
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est practices for your links The ti
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creating destinations Using the el
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linking to a destination anchor Now
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case solved, its all about relative
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targeting windows Opening a new win
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a little brain crossover 160 Chapte
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exercise solutions Sharpen your pen
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exercise solutions Exercise Solutio
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images in your html How the browser
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how browsers load images 3 4 Having
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differences between gif and jpeg He
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when to use gif or jpeg 172 Chapter
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using urls with images : it’s not
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use the alt attribute for accessibi
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a fan site for ipods Creating the u
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inserting an image Sharpen your pen
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all about image sizes Q: What’s w
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choosing a photo editor 184 Chapter
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esizing an image Resizing the image
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using save for web As you can see,
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image saving and quality Save the i
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comparing image settings d 192 Chap
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viewing mypod with resized images T
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using thumbnail images Create the t
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images and layout Take myPod for an
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adding individual image pages Creat
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adding links to images Add the imag
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adding a logo 204 Chapter 5 The myP
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choosing between gif and jpeg What
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creating a transparent gif Save the
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setting a matte color Set the matte
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testing the transparent gif And now
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eview using images with html 214 Ch
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exercise solutions 216 Chapter 5 Ex
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6 standards, compliance, and all th
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standards, compliance, and all that
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HTML 4.01 Ah, the good life. HTML 4
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We can’t have your pages putting
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Okay, I think we’ve got it now. L
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See, piece of cake. The DOCTYPE is
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Validating the Head First Lounge We
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Fixing that error Okay, this looks
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See, we’re getting this error mes
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Making the validator (and more than
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Okay, it’s been more than a “fe
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I think we’ve been pretty darn st
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Do we have validation? standards, c
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Fixing the nesting problem So it lo
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Q: Okay, I think I get all this, an
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Webville Guide to Strict HTML 4.01
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there are no Dumb Questions Q: That
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Transitional Strict So, you’re ju
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Webville Forecast standards, com
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BULLET POINTS n HTML 4.01 is the HT
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Exercise Solutions standards, co
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7 moving to XHTML Putting an ‘X
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What is XML? Okay, we’re going to
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I don’t get it. We changed the DO
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XHTML is becoming the language of c
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If my HTML is transitional 4.01, an
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3 All empty tags should end in “
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Validation: it’s not just for HTM
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XHTML sounds like a good thing. Is
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HTML XHTML You’re forgetting a fe
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Across Micro XHTMLcross It’s been
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8 getting started with CSS Don’t
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getting started with css you are he
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Using CSS with XHTML We’re sure C
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Getting CSS into your XHTML Okay, y
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Cruising with style: the test drive
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Let’s put a line under the welcom
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Q: So how does that work when you h
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getting started with css Head F
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Sharpen your pencil Color in the el
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Getting the Lounge style into the e
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Linking from “lounge.html” to t
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Test driving the entire lounge... S
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Sharpen your pencil Now that you’
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It’s time to talk about your inhe
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Test drive your new CSS As usual, g
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Test drive Add a rule for the elem
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Adding a class to “elixir.html”
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A greentea test drive Save, and the
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Cool! Yes, that works. One more que
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And if we still don’t have a clea
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CSS XHTML You have to admit XHTML i
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If you have errors in your CSS, usu
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Making sure the Lounge CSS validate
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BULLET POINTS n n n CSS contains si
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Markup Magnets Solution Remember dr
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ody { } font-family: sans-serif; h1
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Who gets the inheritance? h1 and h2
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Exercise Solutions 2 S 11 L E R 3 1
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common text properties Text and fon
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overview of font families What is a
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develop your sense of fonts Bainbri
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improving tony’s journal Dusting
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some fonts questions Test driving T
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how to specify font sizes Adjusting
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using keywords for size 354 Chapter
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setting up tony’s font sizes Let
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some more questions on font size Q:
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using normal weight Test drive the
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using a font style Styling Tony’s
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overview of web colors How do Web c
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the color names 366 Chapter 9 Why d
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using rgb values Specify color in r
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understanding hex codes The two min
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using a photo editor for web colors
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put your hex skills to the test 374
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testing and more hex colors Test dr
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using a border instead of an underl
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a crossword on color 380 Chapter 9
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exercise solutions 382 Chapter 9 Cr
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10 the box model Getting Intimate w
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The music CDs and artists are style
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A very quick test drive Let’s do
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Getting ready for some major renova
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What is the border? Elements can ha
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Padding Margins Our guarantee: at t
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Meanwhile back at the lounge... We
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Creating the guarantee style Let’
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Padding, border, and margins for th
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A test drive with the margin When y
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Wait a sec, it seems like we have t
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Fixing the background image By defa
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Are we there yet? Make sure you sav
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Border Width The border-width prope
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Congratulations! Bravo! You’ve ta
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Head First: An id attribute? I thou
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But how do I use id in CSS? You sel
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Step Three: save your changes and r
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Using multiple style sheets So how
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Q: That’s pretty cool. So I can s
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XHTMLcross the box model You’re r
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Sharpen your pencil Solution Left m
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11 divs and spans Advanced Web Cons
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A close look at the elixirs XHTML A
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Let’s explore how we can divide a
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? brain power On a referral from th
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Q: So, a acts like a container tha
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Taking the for a test drive That w
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Adding some real style to the elixi
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Page 483 and 484: Well then how do we specify the wid
Page 485 and 486: Adding the basic styles to the elix
Page 487 and 488: That’s interesting because I noti
Page 489 and 490: We’re almost there... We’re clo
Page 491 and 492: What we need is a way to select des
Page 493 and 494: Changing the color of the elixir he
Page 495 and 496: Look what you’ve accomplished...
Page 497 and 498: But there’s more... Here’s anot
Page 499 and 500: there are no Dumb Questions Q: Shou
Page 501 and 502: Jim I was thinking we could just wr
Page 503 and 504: Step three: styling the s Before we
Page 505 and 506: Hey guys, I know you think you’re
Page 507 and 508: How can you style elements based on
Page 509 and 510: Putting those pseudo-classes to wor
Page 511 and 512: Isn’t it about time we talk about
Page 513 and 514: The cascade For this exercise, you
Page 515 and 516: Q: What makes a specificity number
Page 517 and 518: Step five: Finally, sort any confli
Page 519 and 520: Super brain power ?This is a specia
Page 521 and 522: Sharpen your pencil Solution h1 Her
Page 523 and 524: Sharpen your pencil Solution Your j
Page 525 and 526: 12 layout and positioning Arranging
Page 527 and 528: Use the flow, Luke The Flow is what
Page 529 and 530: What about inline elements? So you
Page 531: One more thing you should know abou
Page 535 and 536: Behind the scenes at the lounge Now
Page 537 and 538: The new Starbuzz Let’s take a qui
Page 539 and 540: layout and positioning from at
Page 541 and 542: a:link { color: #b76666; text-decor
Page 543 and 544: I have an idea. In the future, why
Page 545 and 546: Fixing the two-column problem Are y
Page 547 and 548: Test drive As usual, save your “s
Page 549 and 550: Back to clearing up the overlap pro
Page 551 and 552: Q: Do margins collapse on floated e
Page 553 and 554: Step One: start with the sidebar We
Page 555 and 556: Liquid and Frozen Designs All the d
Page 557 and 558: Test driving with a tank of jello A
Page 559 and 560: Another example of absolute positio
Page 561 and 562: Using absolute positioning We’re
Page 563 and 564: Time for the absolute test drive Ma
Page 565 and 566: One tradeoff you can make to fix th
Page 567 and 568: Positioning the award We want the a
Page 569 and 570: Float Absolute layout and positioni
Page 571 and 572: Sharpen your pencil Time to put all
Page 573 and 574: How does fixed positioning work? Co
Page 575 and 576: Putting the coupon on the page Add
Page 577 and 578: Getting relative This is it, the la
Page 579 and 580: To three-columns and beyond... Whil
Page 581 and 582: XHTMLcross layout and positioning T
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Exercise Solutions Sharpen your pen
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Solution 12 F 5 J 1 V 2 F 3 Z 4 C I
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something new from tony 550 Chapter
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an xhtml table How to create a tabl
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tables up close Tables dissected Yo
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testing you on tables Artist Album
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checking out the unstyled table Tes
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tables and style Now let’s style
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cells and the box model 562 Chapter
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dealing with table borders Getting
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coloring cells How about some color
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using table spans Another look at T
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testing your table knowledge 570 Ch
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we need a nested table Four out of
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testing and improvements Test drivi
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how to override nested styles Overr
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ack to styling lists Giving the lis
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some finer points about styling lis
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some left brain action 582 Chapter
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exercise solutions Sharpen your pen
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exercise solutions 588 Chapter 13 J
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exercise solutions 1 S 590 Chapter
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owsers and forms How forms work If
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how to write a form What you write
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the form element How the form eleme
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overview of form elements What can
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more form elements What can go in a
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the bean machine Here’s what the
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creating the form Getting ready to
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form element names How form element
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adding input elements Back to getti
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using a select Adding the element
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providing choices ? brain power Cha
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adding checkboxes Exercise 614 Chap
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successful submission The final tes
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match the form names Your informat
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form methods: get and post POST GET
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test yourself, get and post Sharpen
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tabular versus presentation 624 Cha
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deciding how to style forms To Tabl
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the xhtml, continued Ship to: N
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styling the form Styling the form a
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other form elements What more could
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eview of forms 634 Chapter 14 BULLE
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exercise solutions 636 Chapter 14 S
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the end 638 Chapter 14 Congratulati
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specialized selectors #1 More Selec
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splitting your pages #2 Frames HTML
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web tools #4 Tools for Creating Web
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generating pages #6 Server-side Scr
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etter printing with css #8 More abo
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etter looking blogs #10 Blogs Weblo
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the index block elements flow 488-4
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the index CSS (continued) using wit
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the index forms (continued) picking
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the index images (continued) users
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the index No Dumb Questions !import
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the index passwords in forms 633 PD
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the index spanning rows and columns
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the index text, font size (continue
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