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OR/11/013 of major fires (e.g. Buncefield). Harada et al. (2003) showed it to be present in sewage effluent in Japan. Ionic liquids are not yet widely used but current formulations are likely to be toxic and poorly degradable (Thuy Pham et al., 2010). 5.2.2 Removal during sewage treatment There have been a number of studies evaluating the efficacy of sewage treatment to remove pharmaceuticals. Rosal et al. (2010) report a survey of over 70 individual pollutants in a sewage treatment plant using biological treatment followed by ozonation. They found caffeine, paraxanthine (caffeine metabolite) and acetaminophen were the main individual contaminants usually found at concentrations over 20 µg/L. Several important groups of pharmaceuticals had typical removal efficiencies of
OR/11/013 Table 5.4 Examples of organic micropollutants with Kow
Page 1: Emerging contaminants in groundwate
Page 4 and 5: BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full
Page 6 and 7: OR/11/013 Contents Foreword i Ackno
Page 8 and 9: OR/11/013 FIGURES Figure 2.1 Concen
Page 10 and 11: OR/11/013 Table 4.4 Compounds with
Page 12 and 13: OR/11/013 carbamazepine, galaxolide
Page 14 and 15: OR/11/013 2 Overview of source-path
Page 16 and 17: OR/11/013 which relate to living or
Page 18 and 19: OR/11/013 3 Types of organic microp
Page 20 and 21: OR/11/013 have been detected in WWT
Page 22 and 23: OR/11/013 used as flocculating resi
Page 24 and 25: OR/11/013 4 Pesticides and pesticid
Page 26 and 27: OR/11/013 Table 4.1 Processes contr
Page 28 and 29: OR/11/013 relatively recently for m
Page 30 and 31: OR/11/013 Table 4.3 Results of leac
Page 32 and 33: OR/11/013 Box 3 Diuron metabolites
Page 34 and 35: OR/11/013 Table 4.5 Key metabolites
Page 36 and 37: OR/11/013 4.5 CASE STUDIES: PESTICI
Page 38 and 39: OR/11/013 4.6 CONCLUSIONS FOR PESTI
Page 40 and 41: OR/11/013 Jones et al. (2002) made
Page 42 and 43: OR/11/013 5.2 PREDICTING RISK FROM
Page 46 and 47: OR/11/013 Jürgens et al. (2002) me
Page 48 and 49: OR/11/013 Cooper et al. (2008) rank
Page 50 and 51: OR/11/013 5.3.2 Berlin, Germany A s
Page 52 and 53: OR/11/013 5.3.5 US national survey
Page 54 and 55: OR/11/013 Average concentration (ng
Page 56 and 57: OR/11/013 5.3.11 European groundwat
Page 58 and 59: OR/11/013 Number of samples exceedi
Page 60 and 61: OR/11/013 This work was extended in
Page 62 and 63: OR/11/013 5.3.17 Summary of other s
Page 64 and 65: OR/11/013 Box 4 Carbamazepine Carba
Page 66 and 67: OR/11/013 6.2 PREDICTING RISK FROM
Page 68 and 69: OR/11/013 No of detections 1200 100
Page 70 and 71: OR/11/013 CHLORINATED SOLVENTS AND
Page 72 and 73: OR/11/013 and benz[a]anthracene det
Page 74 and 75: OR/11/013 7.2.3 Specific priority c
Page 76 and 77: OR/11/013 Figure 7.8 Hotspot of DEE
Page 78 and 79: OR/11/013 7.3 CONCLUSIONS FROM ENVI
Page 80 and 81: OR/11/013 Table 8.1 Pollutants esta
Page 82 and 83: OR/11/013 9 Conclusions and recomme
Page 84 and 85: OR/11/013 References ABE, A. 1999.
Page 86 and 87: OR/11/013 CLARA, M, STRENN, B, and
Page 88 and 89: OR/11/013 HEKSTER, F M, LAANE, R W
Page 90 and 91: OR/11/013 LAM, M, YOUNG, C, BRAIN,
Page 92 and 93: OR/11/013 PURDOM, C E, HARDIMAN, P
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OR/11/013 USEPA. 2006. 2006 Edition
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OR/11/013 Glossary of acronyms Acro
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OR/11/013 Glossary of symbols Symbo
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OR/11/013 Parent Metabolite Methioc
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OR/11/013 Table A3 Key metabolites
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OR/11/013 Appendix 2 Summary of com
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OR/11/013 Table A2.3 Pharmaceutical
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OR/11/013 Table A2.7 Alkyl phosphat
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OR/11/013 A3.7 SPECIFIC CONTAMINANT
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