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•126 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, On Wire Gauges. There is hardly anything in the mechanical arts so confusing as the methods now- in use by the various manufacturers for designating the sizes of wire. Almost every one of these manufacturers has his own peculiar system for numbering the wire he turns out, and the result is that "No. 24" means nothing at all unless the "gauge" is also specified. Thus, No. 24 wire is .0201" in diameter according to Brown & Sharp's gauge, .022" according to the Birmingham gauge, .023" according to Washburn & Moen, .0225" according to the Trenton Iron Company, .0231" according to G. W. Prentiss, and .025" according to the old English scale. In some other sizes, the differences are even greater. Thus, No. 000 is .3586" in diameter according to Prentiss's gauge, and .425" in diameter according to the Birmingham gauge — a difference of .0664", or more than T a g of an inch. To obviate this confusion, Messrs. Brown & Sharp proposed their "American Gauge," which has been adopted by the brass makers. It has also been favorably received by the principal drawers of other kinds of wire, although it has not yet been universally adopted by them. The sizes of Messrs. Brown & Sharp's scale progress in a geometri- cal ratio, the diameter of any size on this scale being found by .multiplying the diameter of the next larger size by 0.890525. This rather clumsy ratio was chosen in order to make the new gauge agree as well as possible with the older, arbitrary gauges; for these had been in use so long that it was not likely that a new gauge would be generally adopted if it differed from the old ones radically. In the accompanying table we give the diameters of wire according to the "American gauge," and also, for comparison, the diameters of the corresponding sizes on the principal other gauges in use in this- country, as quoted by Brown & Sharp. The best way to order wire is by stating the desired diameter in decimals of an inch. This avoids all chance of misunderstanding, and assures the customer of getting what he wants. Some of the difficulties that arise from specifying the " number" of wire are thus set forth in a circular issued by Messrs. Miller, Metcalf & Parkin, and quoted by Brown & Sharp. "Another trouble is with the wearing of the gauges, for which there is no remedy; and we imagine that no man ever throws away a gauge because it is worn out. On the contrary, it represents an outlay of six dollars ; he is used to it, he measures everything by it, and he is mad when anything does not measure to suit it. A still more serious difficulty arises from a very common mode of ordering. We frequently have orders for such a gauge, 'light' or 'tight', 'full' or 'scant', 'heavy' or 'easy' terms which are perfectly ambiguous. Again, the order may be for such a number and one-half — for instance, 15£. This latter kind of order is extremely confusing to a roller, for he almost always takes it to mean that the wire is to be thicker than the whole number, and is pretty sure to make 14£ for 15£ if he is not warned beforehand. How is it possible for a roller to know just how many millionths of an inch another man, whom he never saw, means, when he says No. 28 ' full ', or No. 27 ' easy ' ? And how is he to guess how many thousandths of an inch the other man's gauge is wrong in its make, or how many hundredths it has worn in years of steady use? This is no fancy sketch, for the difficulties we have referred to arise every day in this age when every man knows just what he wants and will have nothing else, and yet has no better way of telling his wants than to say he wants such a gauge ' tight ', when probably his gauge differs from every other gauge that was ever made. There is a very easy and simple way out of this whole snarl, and that is to abandon fixed gauges and numbers altogether. We cannot now recall a single case of serious complaint having arisen where we have had the desired size of wire specified in decimals of an inch. " —
1894 | T UK LOCOMOTI"V E. 127 Standard Wire Gauges in Use in the United States. (The diameters are given in decimal parts of an ini n.) American, Birmingham Washburn* rrenton Iron G. W. Pren- Old English, or Brown 4 ',Smll'' Moen Mfg. Co., Trenton, tiss, Holyoke, from Brass .40 .4096 .3648 • 3249 .2893 •2576 2294 •2043 . 1819 . 1620 • M43 .12S5 .1144 . IOK) 0907 •OI594 .01420 .OI264 .OII26 .01002 .00893 .OO795 .OO708 . OO63O .OO561 .OO5OO .00445 . OO396 •00353 •OO3I4 •454 •425 .380 •34o . JOO .284 .259 23S .220 . 203 [80 165 143 134
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PUBLISHED BY THE HARTFORD STEAM BOI
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1894 THE LOCO MOT! VE. Inspectors'
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1894.] Til i: LOCOMOTI"V ES. 5 Ky.
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THE LOCOMOTIVE. 9 We should be plea
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1884.] THE LOCOMOTIVE 13 1 in. PROP
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1894 | T II !: LOCO M OT 1 Inspecto
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1894.] THE LOCOMO T I V E Nature of
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ls-.M | THE LOCOMOTH E 26 The Explo
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1894 THE LOCO M OT1 V E 27 experime
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1894.J THE LOCOMOTIVE. 29 the grand
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lsui ] THE LOCOMOTIVE. 31 [sting ca
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1894 | THE Nature of Defects. Furna
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1894 | THE LOCOMOTIVE. 37 The whist
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THE LOCOMOTIVE. 39 No. 8. Friday, J
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1894] THE LOCOMOTIVE. 41 'I'll is i
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1894.] I'll i: I. MOTIVE. 43 for 18
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1894.] THE LOC QUOTH E 45 ingagood
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is.. i THE i LOCOMOTIVE 47 The Coco
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1894 ; THE Nature of l>> Furnaces o
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Til B LOCOMOTIVE 53 mnd scalded, an
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1894.] THE LOCOMOTIVE 55 way. Erect
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1894.] Til i: LOCOMOTIV B. 57 The J
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1884.] THE Loco M OTIVE 59 also giv
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62 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [April, 1881, th
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64 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTIV
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66 THE L O C M ( > T I V E . [May,
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68 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Mat, ning, and
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70 T II E L O C M ( ) T I V E . [Ma
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72 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, (67.) —
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74 THE LOCO M T I V E tfSI It 1$ 1
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Page 90 and 91: 39 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [.Jine, pounds^
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Page 104 and 105: 96 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTIV
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Page 108 and 109: 100 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, rear hal
Page 110 and 111: 102 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, shattere
Page 112 and 113: 1(34 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, HARTFOR
Page 114 and 115: 1C6 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, connecte
Page 116 and 117: 108 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, Concerni
Page 118 and 119: 110 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, person l
Page 120 and 121: 112 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTI
Page 122 and 123: 114 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [A.UGU8T, the s
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Page 126 and 127: H8 THE LOCOMOTIVE [Augcst, propriet
Page 128 and 129: 120 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Aigust, ffikt
Page 130 and 131: 122 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, eviden
Page 132 and 133: 124 T HE LOCOMOTI V The Explosion o
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Page 140 and 141: 132 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September, col
Page 142 and 143: 134 Nature of Defects. Cases of int
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Page 154 and 155: 146 THE LOCOMOTIVE [October, pipe,
Page 156 and 157: 148 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, does
Page 158 and 159: 150 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, means
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Page 162 and 163: 454 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, ished
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Page 172 and 173: 164 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, Natu
Page 174 and 175: 166 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, Hild
Page 176 and 177: 168 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, caus
Page 178 and 179: 170 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Novembek, HART
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176 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTI
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178 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Decembbb, it m
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: 180 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, ha
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^ g2 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, Eng
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484 T II E L O C O M O T I V E . [D
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186 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, BItt
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188 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, The
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190 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, sour
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192 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTI
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INDEX Explosion, on the Arethuse, 1
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