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162 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, attendant should attempt to check it by screwing up the nuts unreasonably, the tensile strain on the casting would be still further increased, and the actual factor of safety cor- respondingly reduced. It will be evident from what has been said already, that the flanges of large cast-iron mouth-pieces should be carefully considered both by the designer and by the builder, even if the casting were equally sound throughout. It is Fig. 2. — A Pkoper Construction for Cast-Iron Mouth-Pieces. well-known, however, that castings are liable to be spongy at the root of the flange, where our analysis shows them to be weakest; and this fact should also be considered in designing and constructing them. Lest any of our readers should fancy that we have exaggerated the dangers of cast- iron flanges, let us say that we have known flanges three inches thick to break at the root Tigs. 3 and 4.— Design for a Cast-Iron Fitting for a Ten-Inch Steam Pipe. from the causes we have described. We also have another case in mind in which an incipient crack occurred at the root of the flange of the mouth-piece of a digester carry- ing 100 pounds pressure, and although it was promptly discovered, it had extended along the mouth-piece for a distance of twenty inches (as indicated by the irregular line in Fig. 1), before the pressure in the digester could be reduced.
: 1894.] THE LOCOMOTIVE. 163 In order to provide againsl the breaking of cast-iron flanges care should be taken t make them abundantly thick; or, which we consider a better plan, they may be made with bracket* running from the flange to the body of the casting al frequent intervals, as shown in Fig. 9. The cover 1 » may * : flat, if it is made thick enough, but it is much better to provide ribs on the upper side of it, as in Fig. 2. Such ribs possess great stif- fening power and add much more to the strength of the cover than the same amount of metal would if distributed in any Other way. When the covers of digesters and bleach- ers have to be frequently removed, it is usual to slot the bolt-holes so that the bolts can be removed by merely loosening the nuts. They are also frequently so arranged that each bolt turns about a horizontal pin that passes through holes in a pair of parallel bracket- casl on the body of the mouth-piece. The discussion of the features is reserved for a future i->ue, however, as we are here concerned merely with the strength of cast- iron flanges. The reasoning that we have given in connection with mouth-piece flanges is also applicable to the cast-iron flanges used in connecting large steampipes that are designed to carry heavy pressures. Figs. 3 and 4 show a front view and a sectional view of a bracketted flange connection as designed for a ten-inch steam main, and a design substan- tially similar may be used for other sizes of pipe. Inspectors' Report. September, 1894. During this month our inspectors made 7,824 inspection trips, visited 15,253 boilers, inspected 6,542 both internally and externally, and subjected 652 to hydrostatic pressure. The whole number of defects reported reached 11,292, of which 1,195 were considered dangerous; 31 boilers were regarded unsafe for further use. Our usual summary is given below Nature of Defects. Whole Number. Cases of deposit of sediment, ... Cases of incrustation and scale, ... .... Cases of internal grooving, - Cases of internal corrosion. Cases of external corrosion, - Broken and loose braces and stays, ... ..... .... Settings defective, - Furnaces out of shape, ..... Fractured plates, Burned plates, - ..... Blistered plates, Cases of defective riveting, - Defective heads, Serious leakage around tube ends, - Serious leakage at seams, - Defective water-gauges, - Defective blow-offs, - Cases of deficiency of water, - Safety-valves overloaded, -
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PRESENTED BY q re^u \jarri€L'SjNe
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PUBLISHED BY THE HARTFORD STEAM BOI
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1894 THE LOCO MOT! VE. Inspectors'
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1894.] Til i: LOCOMOTI"V ES. 5 Ky.
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1894.] ill i: LOCO MOT ! \ I. was s
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THE LOCOMOTIVE. 9 We should be plea
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1894.] T II i: LOCOM ()TI V E. H th
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1884.] THE LOCOMOTIVE 13 1 in. PROP
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1894 | Til E LOCOMOTH E 1£> Thb Ja
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IS'.il ] Til E MK'OJIiiTI V I. \Q a
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1894 | T II !: LOCO M OT 1 Inspecto
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1894.] THE LOCOMO T I V E Nature of
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ls-.M | THE LOCOMOTH E 26 The Explo
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1894 THE LOCO M OT1 V E 27 experime
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1894.J THE LOCOMOTIVE. 29 the grand
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lsui ] THE LOCOMOTIVE. 31 [sting ca
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1894 | THE Nature of Defects. Furna
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1894 | THE LOCOMOTIVE. 37 The whist
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THE LOCOMOTIVE. 39 No. 8. Friday, J
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1894] THE LOCOMOTIVE. 41 'I'll is i
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1894.] I'll i: I. MOTIVE. 43 for 18
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1894.] THE LOC QUOTH E 45 ingagood
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is.. i THE i LOCOMOTIVE 47 The Coco
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Wlxt Jtorototto. PUBLISHED BY THE H
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1894 ; THE Nature of l>> Furnaces o
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Til B LOCOMOTIVE 53 mnd scalded, an
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1894.] THE LOCOMOTIVE 55 way. Erect
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1894.] Til i: LOCOMOTIV B. 57 The J
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1884.] THE Loco M OTIVE 59 also giv
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62 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [April, 1881, th
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64 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTIV
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66 THE L O C M ( > T I V E . [May,
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68 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Mat, ning, and
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70 T II E L O C M ( ) T I V E . [Ma
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72 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, (67.) —
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74 THE LOCO M T I V E tfSI It 1$ 1
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76 THE LOCOMOTIVE [Mat, No. of Voya
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78 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [May, laugh. Two
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39 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [.Jine, pounds^
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84 THE LOCOMOTIVE [June, |", the ho
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86 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [June, Nature of
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g3 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Jink, testing i
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90 THE LOCO M T 1 V E [June, $ t $
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— 92 THE LOCOMOTIVE [June, and th
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94 THE LOCOMOTIVE [Juke however, to
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98 THE LOCOMOTIVE [July, minutes be
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100 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, rear hal
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102 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, shattere
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1(34 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, HARTFOR
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1C6 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, connecte
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108 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, Concerni
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110 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [July, person l
Page 120 and 121: 112 Incorporated 1866. THE LOCOMOTI
Page 122 and 123: 114 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [A.UGU8T, the s
Page 124 and 125: 1 1 Q THE LOCO M T 1 V F . [August,
Page 126 and 127: H8 THE LOCOMOTIVE [Augcst, propriet
Page 128 and 129: 120 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Aigust, ffikt
Page 130 and 131: 122 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, eviden
Page 132 and 133: 124 T HE LOCOMOTI V The Explosion o
Page 134 and 135: •126 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [August, On
Page 138 and 139: 130 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September, The
Page 140 and 141: 132 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September, col
Page 142 and 143: 134 Nature of Defects. Cases of int
Page 144 and 145: 436 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September, one
Page 146 and 147: 138 THE LOCOMOTIVE [September, \ +
Page 148 and 149: 140 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [September, and
Page 150 and 151: 142 THE LOCOMOTIVE [September, will
Page 154 and 155: 146 THE LOCOMOTIVE [October, pipe,
Page 156 and 157: 148 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, does
Page 158 and 159: 150 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, means
Page 160 and 161: 152 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, to sa
Page 162 and 163: 454 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, ished
Page 164 and 165: 156 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October HARTFO
Page 166 and 167: 158 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [October, is 12
Page 172 and 173: 164 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, Natu
Page 174 and 175: 166 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, Hild
Page 176 and 177: 168 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, caus
Page 178 and 179: 170 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Novembek, HART
Page 180 and 181: 472 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, wate
Page 182 and 183: 174 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [November, to t
Page 186 and 187: 178 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [Decembbb, it m
Page 188 and 189: : 180 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, ha
Page 190 and 191: ^ g2 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, Eng
Page 192 and 193: 484 T II E L O C O M O T I V E . [D
Page 194 and 195: 186 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, BItt
Page 196 and 197: 188 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, The
Page 198 and 199: 190 THE LOCOMOTIVE. [December, sour
Page 202 and 203: INDEX Explosion, on the Arethuse, 1
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