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hierarchical text. The genome map is handled by Java applets. The sequence similarity relationships of genes within and across species are analyzed in KEGG to identify functional relationships. Thus, the information of orthologous and paralogous genes is represented in the ortholog group table, which is a simple HTML table. Database Management Systems DBGET/LinkDB system Table 2. Different types of network data in KEGG. The DBGETLinkDB system [4] is an in-house developed database management system written in C++ that provides the basis for integrating different resources within KEGG and also with other existing databases. DBGETLinkDB integrates a diverse range of databases at the level of entries. An entry in the web of molecular biology databases is uniquely identified by the combination of the database name and the entry name (or accession number) database:entry and the relation between two entries within and across databases is represented by the binary relation: database1:entry1 database2:entry2 This concept has been extended to include gene catalogs in KEGG. Any gene (or gene product) in the web of biological organisms is uniquely identified by the combination of the organism name and the gene name organism:gene and the relation between two genes (or gene products) within and across organisms is represented by the binary relation: 67
68 organism1:gene1 organism2:gene2 Table 3 shows the list of databases currently supported by DBGET/LinkDB in the Japanese GenomeNet service. LinkDB is the database of binary relations containing original links annotated by each database, reverse links and indirect links that are obtained by combining multiple links, and similarity links that are computationally derived by BLAST and FASTA searches. DBGET/LinkDB is a network distributed database system, so that the user can add local databases to be integrated with the GenomeNet databases. Table 3. The databases supported by DBGET/LinkDB in GenomeNet. DBGET/LinkDB allows generic naming of the database names, such as DNA for GenBank + EMBL and protein for SWISS-PROT + PIR + PRF + PDBSTR. This mechanism is used to define the GENES database that is the collection of all gene catalogs in KEGG. The PATHWAY database is the DBGET implementation of the collection of all biochemical pathways in KEGG, where each entry is a GIF image map for the pathway diagram. In addition to GENES and PATHWAY, the LIGAND database [5] is also a product of the KEGG project. LIGAND is a composite database currently consisting of two sections: ENZYME for enzymatic reactions and COMPOUND for chemical compounds. KEGG system While the DBGET/LinkDB system is designed to manipulate databases at the entry level, the KEGG system is designed to handle specific data items in each entry of the KEGG databases, such as genes, enzymes, and compounds. The KEGG system is under continuous development, but as of June 1998 it consists of the following programs: (1) CGI scripts to search and color GIF image maps
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BIOINFORMATICS: Databases and Syste
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BIOINFORMATICS: Databases and Syste
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To Tish, Emily, Miles and Josephine
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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....
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INTRODUCTION Stanley Letovsky Bioin
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for wisdom. Where algorithms tend t
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gain performance by distributing qu
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systems described (OPM, BioKleisli,
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DATABASES
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1 NCBI: INTEGRATED DATA FOR MOLECUL
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figure 1, and all flows into the ID
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There are other sets of data that c
Page 26 and 27: 2. Explicit declaration by the hist
Page 28 and 29: 2. W. J. Wilbur, A retrieval system
Page 30 and 31: 2 HOVERGEN: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF
Page 32 and 33: Figure 1: Phylogenetic tree of the
Page 34 and 35: fragment. In some cases, a same gen
Page 36 and 37: Figure 2: Distribution of families
Page 38 and 39: the user can visualize all the anno
Page 40 and 41: Selecting orthologous genes with HO
Page 42 and 43: Thus, HOVERGEN allows one to do exh
Page 44 and 45: 21. Saitou, N. Nei, M. The neighbor
Page 46 and 47: 3 WIT/WIT2: METABOLIC RECONSTRUCTIO
Page 48 and 49: protein sequence are used (e.g., OR
Page 50 and 51: After we have accumulated an initia
Page 52 and 53: Coordinating the Development of Met
Page 54 and 55: Availability of the Pathways, Softw
Page 56 and 57: 4 ECOCYC: THE RESOURCE AND THE LESS
Page 58 and 59: epresented as an instance of the cl
Page 60 and 61: The Gene--Reaction Schematic The ma
Page 62 and 63: EcoCyc contains extensive informati
Page 64 and 65: within compound windows uses a conc
Page 66 and 67: Figure 4: The EcoCyc linear map bro
Page 68 and 69: Figure 5: The software architecture
Page 70 and 71: 6. Karp. Frame representation and r
Page 72 and 73: Introduction 5 KEGG: FROM GENES TO
Page 74 and 75: Binary relations Figure 1 : Level o
Page 78 and 79: (2) Java applets to search, compare
Page 80 and 81: can be used for gene function assig
Page 82 and 83: influenzae lacks the upper portion
Page 84 and 85: Future Directions Figure 4. KEGG as
Page 86 and 87: Introduction 6 OMIM: ONLINE MENDELI
Page 88 and 89: The Entry Each OMIM entry is assign
Page 90 and 91: Searching OMIM is as simple as typi
Page 92 and 93: How OMIM is Curated OMIM is maintai
Page 94 and 95: 7 GDB: INTEGRATING GENOMIC MAPS Int
Page 96 and 97: in one of two ways: by being wholly
Page 98 and 99: Figure 3: Universal Coordinate Disp
Page 100 and 101: Figure 5: Dispersion of linear (lef
Page 102 and 103: which minimizes dispersion. The opt
Page 104 and 105: Figure 10: A piece of an "comprehen
Page 106 and 107: alignments are better for the speci
Page 108 and 109: Summary 8 HGMD: THE HUMAN GENE MUTA
Page 110 and 111: Data coverage and structure 101 By
Page 112 and 113: Conclusions and Outlook 103 Being b
Page 114 and 115: Introduction 9 SENSELAB: MODELING H
Page 116 and 117: 107 For the purposes of the rest of
Page 118 and 119: 109 users might advocate creating a
Page 120 and 121: 111 The Associations table describe
Page 122 and 123: Managing the Object Class Hierarchy
Page 124 and 125: 115 In fig. 2, the Objects and Clas
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117 7. Mirsky JS, Nadkarni PM, Hine
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10 THE MOUSE GENOME DATABASE AND TH
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genetics community fostered the ear
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123 Data acquisition for MGD includ
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125 In February 1998, a ‘cDNA and
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Acknowledgments 127 MGD is funded b
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11 THE EDINBURGH MOUSE ATLAS: BASIC
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expression database under developme
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133 For blastocysts the shape of th
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135 which is a cut at an arbitrary
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137 This defines a viewing directio
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139 plate spline [19] or polynomial
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12 FLYBASE: GENOMIC AND POST- GENOM
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143 Genes, including links via publ
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Public Access to FlyBase Data The c
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147 There are two classes of annota
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149 screens to identify direct or i
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13 MAIZEDB: THE MAIZE GENOME DATABA
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The bins map strategy has been empl
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Clicking on one of the orthologous
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* hyper-text linked to MaizeDB enti
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DISSEMINATION TO EXTERNAL DATABASES
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Appendix 2: part of the Query Form
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Introduction 14 AGIS: USING THE AGR
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Horn Fly--Haematobia Screwworm--Coc
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Figure 2 : Main AGIS Menu 167
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Figure 4 : Available Classes and Su
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Figure 6 : Query by Example and Que
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Figure 8 : Hypertext ACEDB Object a
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15 CGSC: THE E.COLI GENETIC STOCK C
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177 described once for that gene an
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FIGURE 1. A Query for an hsdR- recA
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FIGURE 2. A Query for a lacZ-(amber
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183 These are suggestions that dese
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SYSTEMS
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Introduction 16 OPM: OBJECT-PROTOCO
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189 OPM is a data model whose objec
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The OPM Database Development Tools
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ased on this query tree. Further qu
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195 Interface, except that one can
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197 Our strategy of providing suppo
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Acknowledgments 199 Between 1992 an
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Introduction 17 BIOKLEISLI:INTEGRAT
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203 In the remainder of this chapte
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pages : “4267-4274", abstract:
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BioKleisli in Action: Querying Biom
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209 savings in execution time is si
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References 211 13. NCBI ASN. 1 Spec
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Introduction 18 SRS: ANALYZING AND
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215 In SRS, databank structures are
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217 Operands also include named set
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Figure 1. The SRS Top Page. Figure
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Analyzing Data in SRS with Applicat
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223 other databanks, and define spe
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Figure 7. A SWISS-PROT entry with i
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Figure 8. The results of a query fo
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parser and documentation files, and
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23 1 12. Altschul, S.F., Gish, W.,
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Introduction 19 BIOLOGY WORKBENCH:
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Figure 1. Organization and Flow of
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237 In order to make wrapper develo
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the browser window containing a men
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either during the current Workbench
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PROFILESCAN Comparison of protein o
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20 EBI: CORBA AND THE EBI DATABASES
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247 the Object Request Broker (ORB)
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249 Every database entry is represe
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251 Wrappers with and without State
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Discussion 25 3 CORBA and IDL minim
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Introduction 21 BIOWIDGETS:REUSABLE
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Visualization Solutions 257 Turnkey
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259 The architecture also exploits
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possible because the bioWidget arch
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263 4. Gish, Warren (1994-1997). un
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22 ACEDB: THE ACE DATABASE MANAGER
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267 On the other hand, most users c
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269 Street, City and State into "ma
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27 1 to a running database after ed
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273 database the class Map refers t
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275 were waiting for the Biowidget
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277 table of 13 columns and 1 milli
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Introduction 23 LABBASE: DATA AND W
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28 1 We will use as a running examp
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LabBase Details 283 A LabBase objec
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When the procedure completes, LabFl
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287 sequence-assembly Worker in our
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289 The Worker converts the object
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291 Genome Research and are beginni
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INDEX
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INDEX A of Agricultural Genome Info
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of vertebrate genes, 21-33 developm
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GenBank database query software of,
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Metabolic Pathway Database, 38 Meta
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conversion to ‘gi’ identifiers
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