APIP Agricultural Policy Implementation Project

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time this year. Although the grower asserted that his loss was the result of his buyer's poor judgment, he had enough confidence in the relationship to not only try again, but to expand production for the coming year. Cut flower export marketing strategies are fluid. Several growers are admittedly in an experimental stage, trying different varieties, production systems, and marketing arrangements. For example, one grower lost two hectares of carnations from rain damage because he did not grow them under plastic cover. As a group, Tunisian growers suffer from a lack of information about new trends in the European flower market. The preliminary research on the French flower market is a starting point for more extensivc st!idy on market entry strategies. In time, it is important for Tunisian growers to consolidate their efforts and develop a coherent marketing strategy based on market information identifying the best varieties and markets for Tunisian production. 3.2.4 Transport Because of the low volume of Tunisian cut flower exports, the transport industry (air and sea) has not adapted its operations to accommodate the special needs of flower exporters. Tunis Air lists flower shipments in a miscellaneous category because they make up such a small percentage of the airline's cargo. The quantities exported have not yet reached a level where grower/exporters have the leverage to demand the services needed to protect their investments. According to some growers, airlines other than Tunis Air refuse flower shipments because flowers have a high volume to low weight ratio which makes them a low profit cargo. Tunis Air which flies 727s with limited cargo space, sometimes has to cancel cargo shipments in April and May because planes are full of tourists and their baggage. Uncertainty and limited cargo space characterize air transport conditions for flower exporters. Airline freight capacity is already a periodic problem. If Tunisia is to become a major flower exporter, then new shipping arrangements will have to be developed. Though there are as many as 30 daily flights to Europe from Tunis alone, the number of flights and the cargo capacity available to important flower markets such as the Netherlands is limited (e.g. one Tunis Air flight and two KLM flights per week). The timing of the flight also needs closer examination. Ideally flowers should be loaded at night and flown during the coolest part of the day, reaching the European market early in the morning before flower markets open. Passenger flights from Tunisia do not meet this timing criterion. One Tunisian grower has experimented with sea shipments from Tunis Marseilles. to In 1988 this grower shipped 21 refrigerated semitrailer truckloads (capacity 60m3) to France. However, he no longer ships by sea and uses his expensive refrigerated trucks to deliver flowers to the Tunis airport. It appears that sea shipment may be too slow (24-36 hours) to ensure high quality standards. The extremely high perishability of flowers places a premium on well coordinated customs, plant inspection, and loading procedures. Since flower exports began so recently, Tunis International Airport has no system that is specifically designed for flower shipment. Some of the missing elements are infrastructural, such as the lack of a cold storage facility. Others involve the 26
timing and coordination of loading and unloading flowers so that they spend the absolute minimum time on the tarmac or inthe plane. Administrative procedures need to be streamlined and routinized. 27
Page 1 and 2: APIP Agricultural Policy Implementa
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF EXHIBITS Exhibit 2.1 Major
Page 7 and 8: orchids, gladioli and tulips are th
Page 9 and 10: high yields. Overall, therefore, th
Page 11 and 12: 1.1 Study Objectives 1. INTRODUCTIO
Page 13 and 14: covered seven major importing count
Page 15 and 16: 2. WORLD TRADE IN CUT FLOWERS AND T
Page 17 and 18: to all the major importing countrie
Page 19 and 20: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Millions of US$ Sou
Page 21 and 22: Exhibit 2.6 Value of World Imports
Page 23 and 24: ises in the level of imports were a
Page 25 and 26: Many of the European countries, suc
Page 27 and 28: in both activities. Finally, there
Page 29 and 30: These prices are for "extra" qualit
Page 31 and 32: Exhibit 3.1 List of Selected Grower
Page 33 and 34: grow flowers to sell intheir stalls
Page 35: flowers. Tunisian growers' willingn
Page 39 and 40: distinguish it in the market (unlik
Page 41 and 42: profitable, assuming that high yiel
Page 43 and 44: 4.2 Cash Flow Analysis Exhibit 4.3
Page 45 and 46: ',,-t r,,VW AINLY5 o I 4 UR CARNATI
Page 47 and 48: uj CASH INFLOW Yield Price Value of
Page 49 and 50: CASH INFLOW Yield Price Vslc of ToW
Page 51 and 52: , . CASH INFLOW Yield Price Value o
Page 53 and 54: 5. TUNISIAN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND
Page 55 and 56: equired so much time. In an effort
Page 57 and 58: 6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECONNENDATIONS
Page 59 and 60: 7. Work with government and foreign
Page 61 and 62: production is expensive because it
Page 63 and 64: ANNEXES 53
Page 65 and 66: The following solutions were offere
Page 67 and 68: Miscellaneous maintenance (buying v
Page 69 and 70: ANNEX 2-A ASSUMPTIONS FOR CALCULATI
Page 71 and 72: Pesticide Costs: Lannate 21.0 DT/kg
Page 73 and 74: GLADIOLA- ENTERPRISE BUDGET, LOW/ME
Page 75 and 76: ANNEX 3 ISSUES RELATED TO POST-HARV
Page 77 and 78: Acaricides: Kelthane 0,2 1/hl Systb
Page 79 and 80: Mildrion: Manbbe 160 g/hl Zin~be 20
Page 81 and 82: LE GERBERA GERBERA JAMESONII FAKILL
Page 83 and 84: LE GLAIEUL GLADIOLUS FAMILLE DES IR
Page 85 and 86: O Annex b Quality Required by the C
Page 87 and 88:
ii) Categorie U1 10 % des fleurs co
Page 89 and 90:
RE7UMLI93B TUMISI MIC KINISTE E DE
Page 91 and 92:
IPARTICIPANTS I ADRESSE TELEPHONE V
Page 93 and 94:
IPA.TIC!PANTS I ADRESSE TELEPHONE I
Page 95 and 96:
Wholesalers/Importers ANNEX 8 PERSO
Page 97 and 98:
APIP Agricultural Policy Implementa
Page 99 and 100:
Abet Jacques 43, Avenue du Cimetibr
Page 101 and 102:
Ariaflor Box 147 - Fleurs 4 M.I.N.
Page 103 and 104:
Berry Fleurs SARI Ruelle des Gats P
Page 105 and 106:
Briois Christine 219, All6e des Oei
Page 107 and 108:
Cochet Thierry SARL 160, AII6e des
Page 109 and 110:
David Barthdlmy Charlin; Delamare G
Page 111 and 112:
I Dia - Fleurs Box no 2 - SICA - Ma
Page 113 and 114:
Fleurassistance GlE 149, Avenue des
Page 115 and 116:
Flora Partner SA 23, rue Nicot 3300
Page 117 and 118:
Galoppe Christine 135, AII6e des Oe
Page 119 and 120:
Granier Michel Ets 28, Avenue Pierr
Page 121 and 122:
Iris 200 199, AII6e des GlaTeuls 20
Page 123 and 124:
Landes Fleurs SARL 44, Boulevard de
Page 125 and 126:
Lotte et Cie Magnon Ets 59, AIIde d
Page 127 and 128:
Marcucci G6rard SARL 4, rue Layriss
Page 129 and 130:
Minnaar Fleurs SARL Moreau Th6r~se
Page 131 and 132:
Olivreau SARL 220, A1l6e des Oeille
Page 133 and 134:
Penja 260, A116 des Arums 94644- RU
Page 135 and 136:
Pierlot et Cia 259, AlMa des Oeille
Page 137 and 138:
I Roata - Pignet SA ROA TA . PIGNE
Page 139 and 140:
La Roseraie 51, AII6e des Arums 941
Page 141 and 142:
Salanque Flours Domaine Sainte Eug6
Page 143 and 144:
Silva Flor St6 Aquitaine de Diffusi
Page 145 and 146:
Sodlh Monpalasir 47320 - BOURRAN T6
Page 147:
Vettese Jean Fleurs 360 112, AIl6e
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