Zootaxa, Taxonomy of Serpulidae (Annelida ... - Magnolia Press

Remarks. All literature records are based on the same specimen, the holotype. Our seven additional
specimens are all broken (or juvenile), but none of the thoraxes still have significant parts of the abdomen
attached, at most 1 or 2 chaetigers; the numbers of abdominal chaetigers (40, 45, 53, 62) as counted on the
loose abdomens thus probably represent almost complete counts. The specimen collected on 9.II.1956 showed
eggs in its abdomen.
6. Crucigera Benedict, 1887
(Fig. 13)
Type-species: Crucigera websteri Benedict, 1887
Number of species: 5
Tube white or yellowish, opaque, circular to semi-circular in cross-section, with or without longitudinal keels
and/or peristomes; tabulae may be present. Granular overlay absent, but outer layer may be shiningly hyaline.
Operculum soft, funnel shaped, formed of fused radii. Base of funnel with 2–4 finger-like bosses. Peduncle
smooth, cylindrical, without wings, separated from operculum by constriction; inserted proximal from first
and/or second dorsal radiole on one side. Pseudoperculum present. Arrangement of radioles in two half to
complete circles, up to 50 radioles per lobe in larger taxa. Inter-radiolar membrane present. Branchial eyes
may be present. Stylodes absent. Mouth palps absent. 7 thoracic chaetigerous segments. Collar trilobed,
tonguelets between ventral and lateral collar lobes absent. Thoracic membranes long, forming apron. Collar
chaetae bayonet-shaped and limbate (Fig. 13A). Thoracic chaetae limbate, Apomatus chaetae absent (Fig.
13B). Thoracic uncini saw-shaped with 5–7 teeth, including simple pointed anterior fang (Fig. 13C).
Triangular depression present. Abdominal chaetae flat trumpet-shaped, with denticulate edge (Fig. 13D).
Abdominal uncini saw-shaped with 4–6 teeth anteriorly (Fig. 13E); rasp-shaped with 2–4 rows, 7–8 teeth in
profile posteriorly. Long posterior capillary chaetae present. Achaetous anterior abdominal zone absent.
Posterior glandular pad absent.
Remarks. The genus, with 5 species, was thoroughly revised by ten Hove & Jansen-Jacobs (1984).
However, Kupriyanova et al. (2008) demonstrate that the traditional genera Crucigera and Serpula most
probably are paraphyletic.
1. Crucigera inconstans Straughan, 1967b, Queensland, New South Wales, Western Australia
2. Crucigera irregularis Bush, 1905, Arctic North Pacific, Kamchatka to Washington State
3. Crucigera tricornis Gravier, 1906, widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific
4. Crucigera websteri Benedict, 1887, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, Brazil; Pacific Colombia, California
5. Crucigera zygophora (Johnson, 1901), North Japan, Arctic North Pacific, Kamchatka to Washington State.
7. Dasynema Saint-Joseph, 1894
(Fig. 14)
Type-species: Serpula chrysogyrus Grube, 1876
Number of species: 1
Tube white, opaque, with some orange, semi-circular in cross-section, with peristomes and (5) irregular
longitudinal keels. Hyaline granular overlay of the tube absent. Operculum with fleshy globular ampulla
proximally, calcium carbonate infested chitinous cone distally. Peduncle smooth, without pinnules, broadly
flattened, with unpaired basal wing for 2/3 rds of its length and paired small distal wings, separated from
ampulla by constriction; inserted at the base of branchial crown below and between 1 st and 2 nd radioles.
Pseudoperculum absent. Radioles arranged in two semi-circles and connected by short inter-radiolar
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