Zootaxa, Taxonomy of Serpulidae (Annelida ... - Magnolia Press

chaetae absent. Thoracic uncini saw-shaped (Fig. 16B), rarely partly rasp-shaped, with 6–12 teeth; anterior
peg flat trapezoidal, blunt, with numerous tiny auxiliary teeth above peg (Fig. 16D). Triangular depression
absent. Abdominal chaetae truly trumpet-shaped, smoothly bent, with denticulate edge (Fig. 16C); uncini
saw- or rasp-shaped. Achaetous anterior abdominal zone absent. Posterior capillary chaetae and glandular pad
absent.
Remarks. Ten Hove & Weerdenburg (1978) revised in detail the monotypic brackish-water genera
Mercierella Fauvel, 1923, Sphaeropomatus Treadwell, 1934, Mercierellopsis Rioja, 1945, and Neopomatus
Pillai, 1960 and synonymized them under Ficopomatus Southern, 1921. It should be noted that Pillai (2008)
reinstated the genus Neopomatus, based on the autapomorphy of thoracic membranes joined over the dorsal
thorax, for its single species uschakovi. In Ficopomatus species there is a continuous series in opercular
development from unadorned ampulla without any endplate to a fully developed chitinous plate, even with
spines (ten Hove & Weerdenburg 1978). The nominal species Ficopomatus capensis Day, 1961 more
probably should be placed in Chitinopoma (fide ten Hove & Weerdenburg 1978: 101).
1. Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923), worldwide subtropical-temperate, Northern and Southern
Hemisphere; brackish
2. Ficopomatus macrodon Southern, 1921, India, Sri Lanka; tropical; brackish
3. Ficopomatus miamiensis (Treadwell, 1934), Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean; SE Gulf of California; tropical;
brackish
4. Ficopomatus talehsapensis Pillai, 2008 Taléh Sap, Gulf of Thailand; tropical; brackish
5. Ficopomatus uschakovi (Pillai, 1960), Africa, Indo-Pacific; tropical; brackish.
10. Filograna Berkeley, 1835
(Fig. 17)
Type species: Filograna implexa Berkeley, 1835
Number of species: 1
Worms form open aggregates consisting of large numbers of small whitish tubes, circular in cross-section.
Granular overlay and keels absent. A pair of membranous spoon-shaped opercula on first unmodified
pinnulate radioles. Radioles arranged into semi-circles, up to 4 radioles per lobe. Branchial eyes absent. Interradiolar
membrane and stylodes absent. Prominent prostomium with ocellar clusters. Mouth palps present.
6–12 thoracic chaetigerous segments. Collar trilobed, tonguelets between ventral and lateral collar lobes
absent. Thoracic membranes long, forming apron. Collar chaetae fin-and-blade (Fig. 17A) and limbate.
Apomatus chaetae present. All uncini rasp-shaped with up to 10 teeth in profile, 2–4 teeth in a transverse row;
anterior fang pointed (Fig. 17B). Triangular depression absent. Achaetous anterior abdominal zone present,
short. Abdominal chaetae flat narrow geniculate with rounded teeth along edge (Fig. 17C). Long posterior
capillary chaetae and glandular pad absent.
Remarks. The genus Filograna has been attributed by e.g., Mörch (1863; as Filigrana) and Hartman
(1959) to Oken (1815). However, Oken used filograna as species name in the combination “Clymene
filograna, Serpula filograna”; the species name was elevated to generic rank by Berkeley (1835). The
nominal genera Filograna and Salmacina are distinguished mainly by the presence of two (rarely one)
membranous opercula in the former and absence of an operculum in the latter. Some authors consider them
distinct genera (Iroso 1921, Fauvel 1927, Pillai 1960, Straughan 1967b), whereas others treat them as a single
species (McIntosh 1923, Faulkner 1929, Day 1955, 1967). More recent authors (Nelson-Smith 1967, Gee
1963, Zibrowius 1968a, 1973b, Uchida 1978, Kupriyanova & Jirkov 1997) regard operculate and nonoperculate
forms to be separate species within the genus Filograna. Nogueira & ten Hove (2000) gave an
extensive discussion and synonymy and adapted the heuristic view that the operculate cold-temperate Atlantic
Filograna better be kept separate from the non-operculate ubiquitous Salmacina.
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