Zootaxa, Taxonomy of Serpulidae (Annelida ... - Magnolia Press

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42D). Abdominal uncini rasp-shaped with 8–11 teeth in profile, 2–3 teeth in a row (Fig. 42A, B). Achaetous anterior abdominal zone absent. Short capillary chaetae present posteriorly. Posterior glandular pad, if present, hardly visible. Remarks. Sclerostyla Mörch, 1863 has been synonymized with Pyrgopolon, according to Jäger (1993, 2004) including the genera Hamulus and Turbinia, known only from the fossil record. This opinion is shared by Belokrys (1994). Fossils have been mentioned from the Maastrichtian (Cretaceous) from e.g., the Southern Netherlands, Northern Belgium, and the Crimean Mountains. The Recent distribution of the genus is the tropical seas of the Americas and is little known because the animals are difficult to find as their tubes are usually embedded into substrate. The distinguishing feature (autapomorphy) of the genus is the funnel-shaped calcareous operculum continuing into a calcareous peduncle (talon). Opercular talons, but shorter, are also known in Pomatoleios and Neomicrorbis. The bright red “glandular fields” around the brim of the operculum mentioned by ten Hove (1973 figs 32–33) in the meantime have been found to be compound eyespots (HAtH, SEM observations); ten Hove’s (1973) revision still remains the most comprehensive source of information about this genus. 1. Pyrgopolon ctenactis (Mörch, 1863), St. Thomas, Caribbean and tropical Pacific America 2. Pyrgopolon differens (Augener, 1922), Barbados, Shelf of Surinam 3. Pyrgopolon semiannulatum (ten Hove, 1973), Barbados. 38. Rhodopsis Bush, 1905 (Fig. 43) Type-species: Rhodopsis pusilla Bush, 1905 Number of species: 2 Tube white, circular in cross-section, thin-walled, not increasing in diameter, distal part sometimes erect, unattached, with peristomes; granular overlay absent. Animals with tube diameter < 0.2 mm. Some tubes may have one or more unpaired, inverted brood-chambers associated with peristomial rings. Operculum pearshaped, laterally compressed, usually with well-developed chitinous plate bearing spines. Opercular plate may be deeply infolded and sunk, angled, within the opercular ampulla, then with halves closely appressed; plate rarely flat and terminal. Rarely operculum a simple ampulla only. Peduncle smooth, cylindrical, without wings, separated from ampulla by constriction; inserted proximal to 1 st radiole on one side. Pseudoperculum absent. Arrangement of radioles short pectinate, only 2–3 radioles per lobe. Inter-radiolar membrane absent. Branchial eyes not observed. Stylodes absent. Mouth palps present. 4–6 thoracic chaetigerous segments present. Collar (tri-)quadri-lobed. Thoracic membranes short, reaching 1 st thoracic chaetiger. Collar chaetae absent. Apomatus chaetae present from second chaetiger onward. Thoracic and abdominal uncini rasp-shaped, with 6–8 teeth in a row in edge view and about 8 teeth in profile, anterior fang simple pointed (Fig. 43A, B). Triangular depression absent. Single capillary chaeta in middle abdominal chaetigers accompanied by single flat narrow geniculate chaeta with blunt teeth (Fig. 43C). Achaetous anterior abdominal zone long, followed by up to 15 chaetigers. Posterior capillary chaetae present (Fig. 43D). Posterior glandular pad not observed. Remarks. This little known species was incompletely described by Bush (1905) from a tiny worm collected on corals off Bermuda, characterized by numerous irregular spines in chitinous opercular plate. The type material was lost. Ben-Eliahu & ten Hove (1989) designated the neotype and re-described the species in detail. They also referred the monotypic Apomatolos Uchida, 1978 to Rhodopsis. 1. Rhodopsis pusilla Bush, 1905, Bermuda, Caribbean, Mediterranean, Indo-West Pacific 2. Rhodopsis simplex (Uchida, 1978), Kushimoto, Japan. 88 · Zootaxa 2036 © 2009 Magnolia Press TEN HOVE & KUPRIYANOVA
FIGURE 43. SEM micrographs of chaetae in Rhodopsis pusilla. Australia, Queensland, Lizard Island, legit & det. E. Kupriyanova. A—thoracic uncini, B—abdominal uncini, C—anterior abdominal chaetae, D—posterior abdominal chaeta. 39. Salmacina Claparède, 1870 (Fig. 44) Type-species: Salmacina incrustans Claparède, 1870 Number of species: 11 (?10) Worms form open aggregates consisting of large numbers of tiny whitish tubes, circular in cross-section without further diagnostic features; granular overlay absent. Operculum and pseudoperculum absent, sometimes swollen tips of radioles present. Radioles arranged in semi-circles, up to 4 radioles per lobe. Interradiolar membrane and stylodes absent. Branchial eyes may be present. Mouth palps present. 6–12 thoracic chaetigerous segments. Collar trilobed, tonguelets absent. Thoracic membranes forming apron. Collar chaetae fin-and-blade, distal blade well separated from fin, and limbate (Fig. 44A). Apomatus chaetae present (Fig. 44B). Thoracic uncini rasp-shaped, rectangular to wedge-shaped (triangular) in frontal view, with 2–12 teeth in a transverse row, with up to 10 teeth in profile view; anterior fang pointed (Fig. 44C). Thoracic triangular depression absent. Achaetous anterior abdominal zone present. Abdominal chaetae flat narrow geniculate TAXONOMY OF SERPULIDS: STATE OF AFFAIRS Zootaxa 2036 © 2009 Magnolia Press · 89
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ZOOTAXA 2036 Taxonomy of Serpulidae
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Zootaxa 2036: 1-126 (2009) www.mapr
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Introduction The family Serpulidae
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Morphology The tube Whereas tubes o
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FIGURE 2. Variability of serpulid t
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large crystals in the structure of
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30A) most probably too are a series
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Throughout Spiraserpula, there is a
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FIGURE 3. Morphology of serpulid an
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FIGURE 5. General morphology of ser
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FIGURE 7. Serpulid morphology (cont
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occur incidentally in Pomatoceros,
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completely rasp-shaped (Knight-Jone
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Valid genera with diagnoses and lis
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5. Apomatus globifer Théel, 1878,
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FIGURE 10. SEM micrographs of chaet
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tonguelets between ventral and late
Page 35 and 36:
FIGURE 12. SEM micrographs of chaet
Page 37 and 38: membrane. Radioles with ocellar clu
Page 39 and 40: Remarks. This relatively poorly kno
Page 41 and 42: 9. Ficopomatus Southern, 1921 (Fig.
Page 43 and 44: Filograna implexa M. Berkeley, 1835
Page 45 and 46: with 12-14 teeth in profile, up to
Page 47 and 48: FIGURE 19. SEM micrographs of chaet
Page 49 and 50: 14. Galeolaria Lamarck, 1818 (Fig.
Page 51 and 52: operculate H. cancerum Knight-Jones
Page 53 and 54: 14. Hydroides bulbosus ten Hove, 19
Page 55 and 56: 84. Hydroides trilobulus Chen & Wu,
Page 57 and 58: membrane and stylodes absent. Branc
Page 59 and 60: Schröder 1971), France (Fauvel 192
Page 61 and 62: most recent study (Kupriyanova et a
Page 65 and 66: FIGURE 29. Photos and SEMs of chaet
Page 69 and 70: absent. Thoracic uncini saw-to-rasp
Page 71 and 72: Tube white, opaque, circular in cro
Page 73 and 74: FIGURE 33. Photos (A-E) and a SEM m
Page 75 and 76: normal radiole and maximally coveri
Page 77 and 78: 31. Pomatoleios Pixell, 1913 (Fig.
Page 81 and 82: Jirkov (1997) further extended it t
Page 83 and 84: Paraprotula was based on the absenc
Page 85 and 86: limbate chaetae. Apomatus chaetae a
Page 87: FIGURE 42. SEM micrographs of chaet
Page 91 and 92: 1. Salmacina amphidentata Jones, 19
Page 93 and 94: 7. Semivermilia torulosa (delle Chi
Page 95 and 96: 13. Serpula maorica (Benham, 1927),
Page 99 and 100: limbate zone and proximal wing (Fig
Page 103 and 104: 46. Vitreotubus Zibrowius, 1979b (F
Page 105 and 106: forming ventral apron. Collar chaet
Page 107 and 108: ** According to Ippolitov (2007: 26
Page 109 and 110: 38 (37) Thoracic uncini saw shaped
Page 111 and 112: chaeta (pl. chaetae): chitinous bri
Page 113 and 114: thoracic membranes: thin folds on b
Page 115 and 116: Bush, K.J. (1907) Descriptions of t
Page 117 and 118: Gravier, C. (1905 (1906?)) Sur deux
Page 119 and 120: Hove, H.A. ten & Wolf, P.S. (1984)
Page 121 and 122: Marsden, J.R. & Anderson, D.T. (198
Page 123 and 124: Radl, E. (1912) Neue Lehre vom Zent
Page 125 and 126: Verrill, A.E. (1873) Report upon th
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Zootaxa, Taxonomy of Serpulidae (Annelida ... - Magnolia Press

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