FIGURE 39. SEM micrographs <strong>of</strong> chaetae in Protula tubularia. France, Banyuls, ZMA V.Pol. 3816. A—thoracic uncini <strong>of</strong> 1 st row, details <strong>of</strong> pegs, B—tip <strong>of</strong> anterior abdominal chaetae, C—thoracic uncini <strong>of</strong> 1 st row. 82 · <strong>Zootaxa</strong> 2036 © 2009 <strong>Magnolia</strong> <strong>Press</strong> TEN HOVE & KUPRIYANOVA
Paraprotula was based on the absence <strong>of</strong> the character “capillary” chaetae in thoracic segments in literature descriptions <strong>of</strong> Protula. However, “capillary” chaetae do occur in all serpulid genera we observed, including Protula. A further difference according to Uchida would be the abdominal chaetae, sickle shaped in Protula, retro-geniculate (“with a notch at the base <strong>of</strong> the free margin”) in Paraprotula apomatoides; however, this retro-geniculate chaetal type is known from Protula balboensis as well. Therefore we included his taxon Paraprotula apomatoides in the genus Protula. The number <strong>of</strong> 9 thoracic chaetigers, in our opinion, is insufficient to maintain a separate genus, Salmacinopsis, for the nominal taxon setosa, it would fit in the genus Protula. A very necessary revision <strong>of</strong> the genus should be based upon a comparison <strong>of</strong> all available types and as well as a statistical study <strong>of</strong> variability and should be confirmed with molecular data. Some <strong>of</strong> the names given below as “valid” had been synonymised in the past, on the misconception that widespread distributions <strong>of</strong> polychaetes were very common. 1. Protula alba Benedict, 1887, West Indies; perhaps see P. longiseta 2. Protula alberti Fauvel, 1909, <strong>of</strong>f Azores; bathyal 3. Protula americana McIntosh, 1885, Nova Scotia, Eastern Canada 4. Protula antennata Ehlers, 1887, <strong>of</strong>f South Florida; bathyal; compare P. longiseta 5. Protula apomatoides (Uchida, 1978), Sabiura, South Japan 6. Protula appendiculata Schmarda, 1861, Jamaica; questionable 7. Protula atypha Bush, 1905, California, Hawaii; compare P. superba 8. Protula balboensis Monro, 1933, Gulf <strong>of</strong> Panama, Pacific Colombia, ?Brazil 9. Protula bispiralis (Savigny, 1820), widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, New Zealand; probably complex <strong>of</strong> species 10. Protula diomedeae Benedict, 1887, Eastern USA; shelf depths to bathyal; compare P. submedia 11. Protula intestinum (Lamarck, 1818), Mediterranean-Atlantic, southern U.K. 12. Protula longiseta Schmarda, 1861, West Indies; compare P. alba and P. antennata 13. Protula lusitanica McIntosh, 1885, <strong>of</strong>f Portugal; bathyal; indeterminable, specimen lost 14. Protula media Stimpson, 1854, Eastern Canada, Arctic 15. Protula pacifica Pixell, 1912, West Canada, North Japan Sea 16. Protula palliata (Willey, 1905), Sri Lanka, Indo-West Pacific 17. ?Protula setosa (Bush, 1910), Bermuda Islands; the generic and specific status <strong>of</strong> Salmacinopsis setosa is uncertain, but most probably Protula 18. ?Protula so<strong>of</strong>ita Ben-Eliahu, 1976, Gulf <strong>of</strong> Elat (= Gulf <strong>of</strong> Aqaba); generic attribution uncertain, shows affinities with Vermiliopsis as well 19. Protula submedia Augener, 1906, West Indies; bathyal; compare P. diomedeae 20. Protula superba Moore, 1909, Gulf <strong>of</strong> California, California; compare P. atypha 21. Protula tubularia (Montagu, 1803), England, Atlantic, questionably worldwide 22. Protula tubularia anomala Day, 1955, South Africa; probably a full species 23. Protula tubularia caeca Imajima, 1977, Ogasawara Islands, Japan; probably a full species. 35. Pseudochitinopoma Zibrowius, 1969a (Fig. 40) Type-species: Hyalopomatopsis occidentalis Bush, 1905 Number <strong>of</strong> species: 2 Tube white opaque, with longitudinal keel, sub-triangular or triangular in cross-section, with occasional scooped peristomes (brood-care?). Hyaline granular overlay may be present. Operculum inverse conical with TAXONOMY OF SERPULIDS: STATE OF AFFAIRS <strong>Zootaxa</strong> 2036 © 2009 <strong>Magnolia</strong> <strong>Press</strong> · 83
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ZOOTAXA 2036 Taxonomy of Serpulidae
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Zootaxa 2036: 1-126 (2009) www.mapr
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Introduction The family Serpulidae
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Morphology The tube Whereas tubes o
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FIGURE 2. Variability of serpulid t
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large crystals in the structure of
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30A) most probably too are a series
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Throughout Spiraserpula, there is a
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FIGURE 3. Morphology of serpulid an
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FIGURE 5. General morphology of ser
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FIGURE 7. Serpulid morphology (cont
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occur incidentally in Pomatoceros,
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completely rasp-shaped (Knight-Jone
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Valid genera with diagnoses and lis
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5. Apomatus globifer Théel, 1878,
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- Page 49 and 50: 14. Galeolaria Lamarck, 1818 (Fig.
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- Page 57 and 58: membrane and stylodes absent. Branc
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