Zootaxa, Taxonomy of Serpulidae (Annelida ... - Magnolia Press

11. Hyalopomatus sikorskii Kupriyanova, 1993c, Kurile-Kamchatka trench; abyssal/hadal
12. Hyalopomatus sombrerianus (McIntosh, 1885), off Sombrero, St. Thomas, Caribbean; compare H.
langerhansi
13. Hyalopomatus variorugosus Ben-Eliahu & Fiege, 1996, Mediterranean, Atlantic.
16. Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768
(Fig. 23)
Type species: Hydroides norvegicus Gunnerus, 1768
Number of species: 89 (one with 2 subspecies)
Tube white (sometimes bluish), more or less circular to trapezoidal (with flattened upper surface) in crosssection,
peristomes and shallow longitudinal ridges may be present, no distinct keels. A granular overlay may
be present. Operculum two-tiered, composed of basal funnel of fused radii and distal verticil (crown) of
chitinized spines. Peduncle cylindrical, smooth, without wings, may or may not be separated from opercular
funnel by a constriction; formed from second dorsal radiole on one side. Pseudoperculum present.
Arrangement of radioles in semi-circles, up to 33 per lobe. Branchial eyes absent. Inter-radiolar membrane
generally absent, rarely present (Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002, mention only one species where it is
present). Stylodes absent. Mouth palps absent. 7 thoracic chaetigerous segments, exceptionally more (9 in H.
bisectus Imajima & ten Hove, 1989 and Hydroides sp.2 Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002; 7–9 in H.
bannerorum Bailey-Brock, 1991). Collar trilobed, tonguelets absent. Thoracic membranes long, forming
ventral apron. Collar chaetae bayonet-type (Fig. 23A) and limbate. Apomatus chaetae absent. All uncini sawshaped
with relatively few (up to 7) teeth; anterior fang simple pointed (Fig. 23B). Triangular depression
present. Abdominal chaetae flat trumpet-shaped with denticulate edge (Fig. 23C). Achaetous anterior
abdominal zone absent. Posterior capillary chaetae present (Fig. 23D). Posterior glandular pad absent.
Remarks. Hydroides is the largest serpulid genus with a mainly tropical to sub-tropical distribution.
Species in the genus are distinguished by well-differentiated opercula and differences in chaetal and tube
structure. Although a complete world-wide revision of the genus is yet to be completed, Bastida-Zavala & ten
Hove (2002, 2003) recently published revisions of the Hydroides species from the Western Atlantic region,
respectively Eastern Pacific region and Hawaii. Also, Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove (2002) provided a detailed
historical review of taxonomic studies of the genus.
1. Hydroides alatalateralis (Jones, 1962), Jamaica, Caribbean, Colombian Pacific
2. Hydroides albiceps (Grube, 1870), Red Sea, widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific; compare H.
trivesiculosus
3. Hydroides ancorispinus Pillai, 1971, Sri Lanka; compare H. malleolaspinus
4. Hydroides arnoldi Augener, 1918, Annobón, Sao Tome, Congo, Zaire, Ghana, Liberia; NB. part of Augener
1918, Tebble 1956, and all Uschakov 1970 belongs to H. augeneri
5. Hydroides augeneri Zibrowius, 1973b, Congo, Dahomey, Ghana, Liberia, Guinea; see remark H. arnoldi
6. Hydroides azoricus Zibrowius, 1972d, Azores; sometimes confused with H. norvegicus
7. Hydroides bandaensis Zibrowius, 1972c, Banda Sea; compare H. novaepommeraniae
8. Hydroides bannerorum Bailey-Brock, 1991, Hawaii
9. Hydroides bifurcatus Pixell, 1913, Maldives, South Africa, Madagascar, ?Sri Lanka, ?New Caledonia
10. Hydroides bisectus Imajima & ten Hove, 1989, Okinawa, Japan
11. Hydroides bispinosus Bush, 1910, Bermuda, Gulf of Mexico, Eastern USA and Caribbean
12. Hydroides brachyacanthus Rioja, 1941a, Western Mexico to Ecuador, ?Hawaii; circum(sub)tropical
records from elsewhere probably belong to a complex of species (Bastida-Zavala & ten Hove 2002, 2003)
13. Hydroides cf. brachyacanthus Rioja, 1941a, Lesser Antilles, Venezuela, South Brazil
52 · Zootaxa 2036 © 2009 Magnolia Press
TEN HOVE & KUPRIYANOVA