Zootaxa, Taxonomy of Serpulidae (Annelida ... - Magnolia Press

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FIGURE 14. SEM micrographs of Dasynema chrysogyrus. Australia, Queensland, Lizard Island, legit & det. H.A. ten Hove. ZMA V.Pol. 4540. A—Branchial crown with stylodes (st), B—bundle of collar chaetae, C—details of thoracic chaetae (“limbate” and Apomatus), D—thoracic uncini, E—anterior abdominal chaetae, F—posterior capillary abdominal chaeta, G—middle abdominal uncini. 38 · Zootaxa 2036 © 2009 Magnolia Press TEN HOVE & KUPRIYANOVA
Remarks. This relatively poorly known monotypic genus is recorded from the Indo-West Pacific (see Imajima & ten Hove 1984, Nishi 1993). Its characteristic feature, outwardly directed stylodes on the radioles, is unique for serpulids. Paired stylodes are found elsewhere only in the sabellid genera Branchiomma and Pseudobranchiomma. See also discussion by Imajima & ten Hove (1984). Dasynema chrysogyrus (Grube, 1876), Japan, Philippine Islands, Ponape, Indonesia. 8. Ditrupa Berkeley, 1835 (Fig. 15) Type-species: Dentalium subulatum Deshayes, 1826 = junior synonym of Dentalium arietinum Müller, 1776; designated by Bush 1905: 223. Number of species: 2 Tube free, tusk-like, not attached to substratum, circular in cross-section, open at both ends, broadening anteriorly though exterior tapers just prior to tube mouth. Outer layer hyaline or white, inner layer opaque. Granular overlay of the tube absent. Operculum inverse conical with chitinous endplate. Peduncle cylindrical, smooth, without wings, gradually merging into operculum, no constriction; it is positioned as first dorsal left radiole. Pseudoperculum absent. Radioles arranged pectinately; up to 15 radioles per lobe. Inter-radiolar membrane, branchial eyes, and stylodes absent. Pair of filiform mouth palps present. 6 thoracic chaetigerous segments. Large entire (non-lobed) collar continuous with short thoracic membranes, ending at first chaetiger (second thoracic segment); tonguelets absent. Collar chaetae absent (see Collar segment, p. 22). First thoracic chaetiger biramous (see Collar segment, p. 22) with limbate chaetae (Fig. 15A, B) and with uncini; sometimes with special chaetae (see remarks). Apomatus chaetae absent. Thoracic uncini saw-to-rasp-shaped (dental formula P:2:2:2:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1 or P:3:2:2:1……1) or rasp-shaped; about 25 teeth in profile, with 2 or 3 teeth in a row above peg (P); peg blunt, curved upwards and gouged underneath (Fig. 15C). Triangular depression absent. Abdominal chaetae and certainly posterior ones thin, almost capillary, with very faint narrow geniculate tip (to completely capillary in D. gracillima). Abdominal uncini rasp-shaped, with 20–25 in profile, up to 8 teeth in a row above peg; anterior peg blunt, almost rectangular (Fig. 15D). Achaetous anterior abdominal zone absent; however, anterior half of abdomen with uncini only. Posterior capillary chaetae present. Posterior glandular pad absent. Remarks. The genus is found living unattached (Fig. 1A) in soft sediment marine environments around the world. Like many serpulid genera, Ditrupa has a history of taxonomic confusion to the extent that its tubes were included in the Mollusca by some authors. The generic diagnosis was emended by ten Hove & Smith (1990). An unattached free tube similar to that of Ditrupa is known only in two (?three) other serpulids, Bathyditrupa hovei and Serpula crenata (possibly incl. S. sinica). Unlike the circular in cross-section tubes of Ditrupa, those of Bathyditrupa and S. crenata are rectangular to multi-angular in cross-section (see The tube, p. 7). Ten Hove & Smith (1990: 113, 115) describe 2 populations of Ditrupa gracillima in which the first thoracic chaetiger shows special chaetae, one almost geniculately terminating in an oblique frayed narrow limbus, the other stoutly acicular. In view of the limited distributions of these two forms they question whether these populations might be in the process of speciation. 1. Ditrupa arietina (Müller, 1776), Northern Norway to Azores and Canary Islands, Mediterranean 2. Ditrupa gracillima Grube, 1878, widely distributed in Indo-West Pacific. TAXONOMY OF SERPULIDS: STATE OF AFFAIRS Zootaxa 2036 © 2009 Magnolia Press · 39
Page 1 and 2: ZOOTAXA 2036 Taxonomy of Serpulidae
Page 3 and 4: Zootaxa 2036: 1-126 (2009) www.mapr
Page 5 and 6: Introduction The family Serpulidae
Page 7 and 8: Morphology The tube Whereas tubes o
Page 9 and 10: FIGURE 2. Variability of serpulid t
Page 11 and 12: large crystals in the structure of
Page 13 and 14: 30A) most probably too are a series
Page 15 and 16: Throughout Spiraserpula, there is a
Page 17 and 18: FIGURE 3. Morphology of serpulid an
Page 19 and 20: FIGURE 5. General morphology of ser
Page 21 and 22: FIGURE 7. Serpulid morphology (cont
Page 23 and 24: occur incidentally in Pomatoceros,
Page 25 and 26: completely rasp-shaped (Knight-Jone
Page 27 and 28: Valid genera with diagnoses and lis
Page 29 and 30: 5. Apomatus globifer Théel, 1878,
Page 31 and 32: FIGURE 10. SEM micrographs of chaet
Page 33 and 34: tonguelets between ventral and late
Page 37: membrane. Radioles with ocellar clu
Page 41 and 42: 9. Ficopomatus Southern, 1921 (Fig.
Page 43 and 44: Filograna implexa M. Berkeley, 1835
Page 45 and 46: with 12-14 teeth in profile, up to
Page 49 and 50: 14. Galeolaria Lamarck, 1818 (Fig.
Page 51 and 52: operculate H. cancerum Knight-Jones
Page 53 and 54: 14. Hydroides bulbosus ten Hove, 19
Page 55 and 56: 84. Hydroides trilobulus Chen & Wu,
Page 57 and 58: membrane and stylodes absent. Branc
Page 59 and 60: Schröder 1971), France (Fauvel 192
Page 61 and 62: most recent study (Kupriyanova et a
Page 65 and 66: FIGURE 29. Photos and SEMs of chaet
Page 69 and 70: absent. Thoracic uncini saw-to-rasp
Page 71 and 72: Tube white, opaque, circular in cro
Page 73 and 74: FIGURE 33. Photos (A-E) and a SEM m
Page 75 and 76: normal radiole and maximally coveri
Page 77 and 78: 31. Pomatoleios Pixell, 1913 (Fig.
Page 81 and 82: Jirkov (1997) further extended it t
Page 83 and 84: Paraprotula was based on the absenc
Page 85 and 86: limbate chaetae. Apomatus chaetae a
Page 89 and 90:
FIGURE 43. SEM micrographs of chaet
Page 91 and 92:
1. Salmacina amphidentata Jones, 19
Page 93 and 94:
7. Semivermilia torulosa (delle Chi
Page 95 and 96:
13. Serpula maorica (Benham, 1927),
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
limbate zone and proximal wing (Fig
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
46. Vitreotubus Zibrowius, 1979b (F
Page 105 and 106:
forming ventral apron. Collar chaet
Page 107 and 108:
** According to Ippolitov (2007: 26
Page 109 and 110:
38 (37) Thoracic uncini saw shaped
Page 111 and 112:
chaeta (pl. chaetae): chitinous bri
Page 113 and 114:
thoracic membranes: thin folds on b
Page 115 and 116:
Bush, K.J. (1907) Descriptions of t
Page 117 and 118:
Gravier, C. (1905 (1906?)) Sur deux
Page 119 and 120:
Hove, H.A. ten & Wolf, P.S. (1984)
Page 121 and 122:
Marsden, J.R. & Anderson, D.T. (198
Page 123 and 124:
Radl, E. (1912) Neue Lehre vom Zent
Page 125 and 126:
Verrill, A.E. (1873) Report upon th
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