COSMOS, VOL. II - World eBook Library

CONTENTS. Vli
Page
The vast sphere of new ideas opened to mankind by tkc campaigns
of Alexander
520
The countries through which the Macedonians passed
The natural products first made known
Aristotle
522
523
525
The men of Aristotle's school
529
The comparison
of races
531
The schools of Babylon ., 532
Alexander's advance to the land of the Five Rivers 534
III. Extension ofthe contemplation of the universe under the Ptole-
mies
536-546
The three great Ptolemies 537
The caravan trade, its influence in extending a knowledge of different
countries
538
Proofs of the commercial relations maintained by the Egyptians ... 540
The tendency of the schools of Alexandria
The foundation of the Alexandrian Museum
541
542
The Alexandrian astronomers 543
The slow advance of astronomy from those remote present high stand
ages to its
546
IV. Universal dominion of the Romans
The extent of the area of the Roman dominions
547-568
548
The few observers of nature who appeared at this period
The greatness of the national character of the Romans
Diffusion of the Latin tongue
The expeditions undertaken by Asiatic rulers .
The works of Strabo and Ptolemy
The way-measurers in use amongst the Chinese
The optical inquiries of Ptolemy
550
551
552
553
555
559
561
The botanical gardens of the Romans ... 563
The Historia Naturalis of Pliny
Reference to the influence exercised by the establishment of Chris-
tianity
V. Invasion of the Arabs 569-600
Principal momenta of the recognition of the unity of nature 569
The Arabs 571
Natural products of Arabia 574
Nomadic life in Arabia 577
Mental culture of the Arabs 578
Arabian geographers
The learned men of Arabia
584
587
Astronomical works of the Arabs 593
Science of numbers 597
VI. Period of Oceanic discoveries 601-680
The fifteenth century, its tendencies 601
The first discovery of America 603
12
564
568