SOLAR PV CONTROL SYSTEM.pdf

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have two independent sets of coils instead. They can be distinguished from unipolar steppers by measuring the resistance between the wires. You should find two pairs of wires with equal resistance. If you’ve got the leads of your meter connected to two wires that are not connected (i.e. not attached to the same coil), you should see infinite resistance (or no continuity). Feedback is not always required for control, but the use of an encoder or other position sensor can ensure accuracy when it is essential. The advantage of operating without feedback is that a closed loop control system is not required. Generally, stepper motors produce less than 1 horsepower (746 W) and are therefore frequently used in low-power position control applications. Like other motors, stepper motors require more power than a micro controller can give them, so a separate power supply is required. To control the stepper, voltage is applied to each of the coils in a specific sequence from the micro controller through a driver like the H-Bridge. Email: david.irungu@stu.kuct.ac.ke Figure 6: A unipolar stepper motor coils 21 2012
Motor Sizing To size an electric motor for a particular drive application, the designer must first analyse the mechanics of the drive application. The following must be determined: Friction of the bearings, or other mechanical elements. The weight or load to be driven by the electric motor. Inertia of the mass to be moved or controlled. Acceleration and deceleration forces should be analysed. Mechanical system type and number of linkages. Friction - The friction may be determined by estimation, component specification or by measuring by use of a torque reading device or mechanism. Weight or Mass - The mass may be calculated using 3D CAD, specification or direct measurement. Inertia - Inertia is the force required to accelerate or decelerate a mass. Inertia is used to calculate the motor torque required to operate the mechanical system. Email: david.irungu@stu.kuct.ac.ke 22 2012
Page 1 and 2: Solar PV Control System using an Ar
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgement I must acknowledge
Page 5 and 6: Contents Declaration ..............
Page 7 and 8: Figure 21: Block Diagram ..........
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 1 Introduction The Solar PV
Page 11 and 12: panel. This increases the amount of
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Renewab
Page 15 and 16: Since the Max Peak Power Point (MPP
Page 17 and 18: 3. Simple circuitry is desired. A v
Page 19 and 20: SERVO MOTORS Servos are DC motors w
Page 21: STEPPER MOTORS A stepper motor is a
Page 25 and 26: SENSORS LED as light sensor Figure
Page 27 and 28: Photocells Photocells are sensors t
Page 29 and 30: Main functions Include PWM (Pulse
Page 31 and 32: Applications Street Lighting Path
Page 33 and 34: D. COMMUNICATION Wireless technolog
Page 35 and 36: 802.11a has fast maximum speed; reg
Page 37 and 38: Advantage and disadvantage Wireless
Page 39 and 40: transmission. The latest version of
Page 41 and 42: is a hard challenge since considera
Page 43 and 44: When we use these two technologies
Page 45 and 46: total number of 27 channels, where
Page 47 and 48: communication. FFD can also be set
Page 49 and 50: Power management The main focus for
Page 51 and 52: Figure 20: Reference Pin out (Xbee)
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 3 Methodology of Implementa
Page 55 and 56: Block Diagram of Improved solar tra
Page 57 and 58: Street Light Implementation Increas
Page 59 and 60: Figure 23: LM35, LCD connections to
Page 61 and 62: Thus basically the figure shown bel
Page 63 and 64: Figure 28: HyperTerminal Figure 29:
Page 65 and 66: Conclusion: - Possible Errors 1. Sy
Page 67 and 68: APPENDIX: Plan of Action Table 4: P
Page 69 and 70: int LED1=40; // Digitalpin int LED2
Page 71: delay (5000); digitalWrite (swpin10

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