Keys to the macrolichens and checklist of the lichens and ...

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19a. Medulla C+ red; lecanoric acid present ............................................. H. woitapensis 19b. Medulla C-; lecanoric acid absent.......................................................................... 20 20a. Medulla P+ orange or red; fumarprotocetraric, protocetraric and/or quaesitic acids present.................................................................................................................... 21 20b. Medulla P-; fumarprotocetraric, protocetraric and quaesitic acids absent............. 24 21a. Medulla K+ yellow then dark red; quaesitic acid present .......................H. quaesita 21b. Medulla K- or K+ yellow-brown; quaesitic acid absent........................................ 22 22a. Medulla K-, KC+ orange ; fumarprotocetraric and barbatic acids present. ...............................................................................................................H. malesiana 22b. Medulla K+ yellow-brown; KC+ pink; protocetraric acid present........................ 23 23a. Medulla yellow in part; pigmentosin A present.................................... H. consimilis 23b. Medulla white thoughout; pigmentosin A absent ..................................H. koyaensis 24a. Medulla KC+ orange; barbatic acid present .......................................................... 25 24b. Medulla KC-; fatty acids present ........................................................................... 28 25a. Isidia inflated; apices becoming erumpent ................................................. H. toiana 25b. Isidia cylindrical; apices intact............................................................................... 26 26a. Echinocarpic acid present ........................................................................... H. addita 26b. Echinocarpic acid absent........................................................................................ 27 27a. Upper surface distinctly maculate; obtusatic and norobtusatic acids (submajor) present.................................................................................................H. imbricatula 27b. Upper surface emaculate; obtusatic and norobtusatic acids present in trace quantities or absent ................................................................................ H. orientalis 28a. Thallus loosely adnate, saxicolous or terricolous; lobes broad, 4-12 mm wide. ................................................................................................................. H. terricola 28b. Thallus adnate, corticolous; lobes narrower, 1-6 mm wide................................... 29 29a. Lobes narrow, 1-3 mm wide; ascospores large, 20-23 x 12-15 µm; lichesterinic and protolichesterinic acids present.................................................H. lichesterinica 29b. Lobes broader, 2-6 mm wide; ascospores small, 8-10 x 4-6 µm; constipatic, protoconstipatic and protopraesorediosic acids present................... H. costaricensis 30a. Thallus pustulate-sorediate .................................................................................... 31 30b. Thallus sorediate; pustules absent.......................................................................... 35 31a. Upper cortex UV+ yellow; lichexanthone present................................ H. osseoalba 31b. Upper cortex UV-; lichexanthone absent............................................................... 32 32a. Thallus laciniate; medulla C+ rose-red; gyrophoric acid present ......... H. monticola 32b. Thallus elaciniate; medulla C-; gyrophoric acid absent......................................... 33
33a. Medulla lemon-yellow; secalonic acid A present............................... H. endochlora 33b. Medulla white; secalonic acid A absent................................................................. 34 34a. Echinocarpic acid present ....................................................................... H. adjuncta 34b. Echinocarpic acid absent............................................................................H. exsecta 35a. Medulla lemon-yellow; secalonic acid A present............................... H. endochlora 35b. Medulla white; secalonic acid A absent................................................................. 36 36a. Medulla K+ yellow then dark red; salazinic acid present...................................... 37 36b. Medulla K- or K+ yellow-brown ; salazinic acid absent ....................................... 38 37a. Soralia subterminal on hooded, reflexed lobes; zeorin present ................ H. majoris 37b. Soralia subterminal, lobe apices ±flat; zeorin absent............................H. brevirhiza 38a. Medulla P+ orange-red; protocetraric acid present........................H. pseudosinuosa 38b. Medulla P-; protocetraric acid absent .................................................................... 39 39a. Medulla C+ pale red; gyrophoric or lecanoric acids present ................................. 40 39b. Medulla C-; lividic acid present......................................................... H. immaculata 40a. Rhizines richly dichotomously branched; evernic and lecanoric acids present. ...................................................................................................................... H. rockii 40b. Rhizines sparsely dichotomously branched; gyrophoric acid present ..... H. revoluta 41a. Thallus isidiate; soredia and pustules absent ......................................................... 42 41b. Thallus sorediate and/or pustulate; isidia absent ................................................... 45 42a. Medulla K+ yellow then dark red; salazinic acid present..Parmelinella wallichiana 42b. Medulla K- or K+ yellow-brown ; salazinic acid absent ....................................... 43 43a. Medulla P+ orange-red; protocetraric acid present.....Parmelinopsis protocetrarica 43b. Medulla P-; protocetraric acid absent .................................................................... 44 44a. Isidia ciliate; medulla C-; 3-methoxy-2,4-di-O-methylgyrophoric acid (major). ...........................................................................................Parmelinopsis horrescens 44b. Isidia eciliate; medulla C+ rose; gyrophoric acid (major) ...Parmelinopsis minarum 45a. Medulla pale to intense yellow; secalonic acid A present ..................................... 46 45b. Medulla white; secalonic acid A absent................................................................. 47 46a. Pustules sorediate; leucotylic acid present............................. Myelochroa aurulenta 46b. Pustules esorediate; leucotylic acid absent .............................Myelochroa nothofagi 47a. Soralia capitate; pustules absent ............................................................................ 48 47b. Soralia not capitate; pustulate present.................................................................... 49 48a. Medulla K+ yellow then dark red, C-; salazinic acid present...............H. radiculata 48b. Medulla K-, C+ rose; gyrophoric acid present ............. Parmelinopsis cryptochlora
Page 1 and 2: Keys to the macrolichens and checkl
Page 3 and 4: 18a. Thallus with distinct, white,
Page 5 and 6: 15b. Cyphellae and pseudocyphellae
Page 7 and 8: 43a. Rhizines branched dichotomous
Page 9 and 10: 3b. Medulla C- ....................
Page 11 and 12: 18a. Scyphi generally well develope
Page 13 and 14: 2a. Thallus not lobed around the ma
Page 15 and 16: Fuscopannaria Key (after Jørgensen
Page 17: 3a. Thallus lacking isidia, soredia
Page 21 and 22: 11a. Thallus purplish brown, very t
Page 23 and 24: 2a. Thallus truly isidiate or with
Page 25 and 26: 6b. Thallus grey or brown, placodio
Page 27 and 28: 10a. Medulla K+ yellow-orange; cole
Page 29 and 30: 38b. Medulla P+ deep orange-red; fa
Page 31 and 32: 6b. Margins with soralia or isidioi
Page 33 and 34: 6b. Upper surface grey, not pruinos
Page 35 and 36: 24a. Upper surface faveolate to pit
Page 37 and 38: 8a. Isidia present ................
Page 39 and 40: 5a. Phyllocladia mainly basal, abse
Page 41 and 42: 2a. Not isidiate...................
Page 43 and 44: Aulaxina dictyospora R. Sant. Aptro
Page 45 and 46: C. papuaensis Archer www.tropicalli
Page 47 and 48: Cryptolechia subincolorella (Nyl.)
Page 49 and 50: G. leptogramma Nyl. www.tropicallic
Page 51 and 52: H. sinuosa (Sm.) Hale Streimann 198
Page 53 and 54: Linhartia patellarioides (Rehm) Vĕ
Page 55 and 56: M. terebratulum (Nyl.) Hale www.bgb
Page 57 and 58: P. latissimum (Fée) Hale Streimann
Page 59 and 60: P. subsorodes Elix & A.W. Archer El
Page 61 and 62: P. viridinigricans Vain. Streimann
Page 63 and 64: R. monospora Aptroot Aptroot et al.
Page 65 and 66: Stigmidium epiphyllum Matzer Matzer
Page 67 and 68: U. himantodes Stirton. Stevens 1999
Page 69 and 70:
Bjerke, J.W. & H.J.M. Sipman 2007.
Page 71 and 72:
Komposch, H., A. Aptroot & J. Hafel
Page 73:
Stevens, G.N. 1999. A revision of t
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