Keys to the macrolichens and checklist of the lichens and ...

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24b. Isidia pale-tipped; medulla KC-; malonprotocetraric acid absent ......... P. pacificum 25a. Medulla intense sulphur yellow or orange throughout; vulpinic acid present. ............................................................................................................P. sulphuratum 25b. Medulla mostly white ............................................................................................ 26 26a. Lichexanthone (UV+ gold) and salazinic acid present........................P. ultralucens 26b. Lichexanthone and salazinic acid absent ............................................................... 27 27a. Isidia wart-like, ciliate ........................................................................ P. verrucatum 27b. Isidia cylindrical, coralloid-branched, becoming sorediate and/or ciliate; not wartlike.......................................................................................................................... 28 28a. Isidia eciliate .......................................................................................................... 29 28b. Isidia ciliate............................................................................................................ 30 29a. Isidia becoming ± subsorediate; medulla KC-, P-; diffractaic acid present. ........................................................................................................ P. isidioinsuetum 29b. Isidia intact; medulla KC+ pink-red, P+ deep orange-red; protocetraric acid present.............................................................................................P. kaisenikianum 30a. Isidia eventually becoming granular- sorediate ..................................................... 31 30b. Isidia ±fragile but not becoming sorediate............................................................. 32 31a. Medulla K+ bright yellow; stictic acid present........................................ P. crinitum 31b. Medulla K-; alectoronic, a-collatolic acids present ................................. P. mellissii 32a. Cilia mostly to 1 mm long; lobules present; alectoronic and a-collatolic acids present...............................................................................................P. nanfongensis 32b. Cilia greater than 1 mm long; lobules absent; alectoronic and a-collatolic acids absent ..................................................................................................................... 33 33a. Medulla C-, KC- or KC+ brownish, P+ deep orange-red; fumarprotocetraric and succinprotocetraric acids present; cilia 2-5 mm long ....................... P. acrotrychum 33b. Medulla C-, KC+ reddish, P+ brick red; protocetraric and protolichesterinic acids present; cilia 1.5-3 mm long ...........................................................P. subcorallinum 34a. Thallus pustulate, ±sorediate ................................................................................. 35 34b. Thallus sorediate; pustules absent.......................................................................... 36 35a. Medulla pale yellow (eumitrin A1); pustules esorediate ......................P. kainantum 35b. Medulla white; pustules sorediate......................................................... P. madilynae 36a. Lobes eciliate ......................................................................................................... 37 36b. Lobes ciliate........................................................................................................... 42 37a. Medulla K+ bright yellow turning bright red; salazinic acid present .. P. cristiferum 37b. Medulla K- or K+ dirty yellow; salazinic acid absent ........................................... 38 38a. Medulla P-; fatty acid present (praesorediosic acid).................... P. praesorediosum
38b. Medulla P+ deep orange-red; fatty acid absent; protocetraric or succinprotocetraric acid present............................................................................. 39 39a. Soralia situated on elaborate, coralloid-branched laciniae ..........................P. naonii 39b. Soralia linear and marginal, submarginal, or subcapitate; coralloid-branched laciniae absent........................................................................................................ 40 40a. Diffractaicacid present............................................................................ P. insuetum 40b. Diffractaic acid absent ........................................................................................... 41 41a. Thallus 10 cm or more wide; medullary pigments present; echinocarpic and usnic acids present........................................................................................... P. dilatatum 41b. Thallus up to 7 cm wide; medulla white; usnic and echinocarpic acids absent. ..................................................................................................................P. gardneri 42a. Medulla K+ bright yellow turning bright red; salazinic acid present .. P. cristiferum 42b. Medulla K- or K+ dirty yellow; salazinic acid absent ........................................... 43 43a. Soralia punctiform or on elaborate, coralloid-branched laciniae........................... 44 43b. Soralia punctiform or not, linear and marginal, submarginal, or subcapitate; coralloid-branched laciniae absent......................................................................... 45 44a. Medulla partly pigmented deep orange (euplectin); alectoronic acid present. ......................................................................................................... P. hypomiltoides 44b. Medulla white; protocetraric acid present......................................... P. fasciculatum 45a. Medulla K+ bright yellow; stictic acid present....................................... P. perlatum 45b. Medulla K- or K+ dirty yellow; stictic acid absent ............................................... 46 46a. Medulla C+ red ...................................................................................................... 47 46b. Medulla C- ............................................................................................................. 49 47a. Lecanoric acid (major) present; gyrophoric acid absent............................P. cooperi 47b. Gyrophoric acid (major) present; ± lecanoric acid (trace)..................................... 48 48a. Medulla UV-, white throughout, or if pigmented, K+ purple (skyrin). ..........................................................................................................P. sancti-angelii 48b. Medulla UV-, yellow or pink-salmon in lower part; pigmented medulla K-. .............................................................................................................P. permutatum 48c. Medulla usually UV+ greenish white; thallus maculate.....................P. lobulascens 49a. Medulla UV-or + white; protocetraric acid and/or succinprotocetraric acid present; alectoronic sometimes present ............................................................................... 50 49b. Medulla UV+ white; alectoronic acid and/or a-collatolic acid present ................. 55 50a. Succinprotocetraric acid (major) and protocetraric acid (minor) present. ..........................................................................................................P. flaccidifolium 50b. Protocetraric acid present; succinprotocetraric acid absent................................... 51 51a. Cilia conspicuous, moderate to dense, more than 2 mm long ............................... 52
Page 1 and 2: Keys to the macrolichens and checkl
Page 3 and 4: 18a. Thallus with distinct, white,
Page 5 and 6: 15b. Cyphellae and pseudocyphellae
Page 7 and 8: 43a. Rhizines branched dichotomous
Page 9 and 10: 3b. Medulla C- ....................
Page 11 and 12: 18a. Scyphi generally well develope
Page 13 and 14: 2a. Thallus not lobed around the ma
Page 15 and 16: Fuscopannaria Key (after Jørgensen
Page 17 and 18: 3a. Thallus lacking isidia, soredia
Page 19 and 20: 33a. Medulla lemon-yellow; secaloni
Page 21 and 22: 11a. Thallus purplish brown, very t
Page 23 and 24: 2a. Thallus truly isidiate or with
Page 25 and 26: 6b. Thallus grey or brown, placodio
Page 27: 10a. Medulla K+ yellow-orange; cole
Page 31 and 32: 6b. Margins with soralia or isidioi
Page 33 and 34: 6b. Upper surface grey, not pruinos
Page 35 and 36: 24a. Upper surface faveolate to pit
Page 37 and 38: 8a. Isidia present ................
Page 39 and 40: 5a. Phyllocladia mainly basal, abse
Page 41 and 42: 2a. Not isidiate...................
Page 43 and 44: Aulaxina dictyospora R. Sant. Aptro
Page 45 and 46: C. papuaensis Archer www.tropicalli
Page 47 and 48: Cryptolechia subincolorella (Nyl.)
Page 49 and 50: G. leptogramma Nyl. www.tropicallic
Page 51 and 52: H. sinuosa (Sm.) Hale Streimann 198
Page 53 and 54: Linhartia patellarioides (Rehm) Vĕ
Page 55 and 56: M. terebratulum (Nyl.) Hale www.bgb
Page 57 and 58: P. latissimum (Fée) Hale Streimann
Page 59 and 60: P. subsorodes Elix & A.W. Archer El
Page 61 and 62: P. viridinigricans Vain. Streimann
Page 63 and 64: R. monospora Aptroot Aptroot et al.
Page 65 and 66: Stigmidium epiphyllum Matzer Matzer
Page 67 and 68: U. himantodes Stirton. Stevens 1999
Page 69 and 70: Bjerke, J.W. & H.J.M. Sipman 2007.
Page 71 and 72: Komposch, H., A. Aptroot & J. Hafel
Page 73: Stevens, G.N. 1999. A revision of t

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