Keys to the macrolichens and checklist of the lichens and ...

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6a. With lobules............................................................................................................. 7 6b. With cylindrical isidia.............................................................................................. 8 7a. Upper surface of lobes ± flat; white marginal rim present; spongiostratum without cavities; medulla C-, with lobaric acid .................................................A. ornatoides 7b. Upper surface of lobes ± convex; white marginal rim often absent; central cavity between spongiostratum and medulla present; medulla C+ red, with anziaic acid. ......................................................................................................A. pseudopustulata 8a. Upper surface of lobes ± convex; white marginal rim often absent; central cavity between spongiostratum and medulla present; medulla C+ red, with anziaic acid. ...........................................................................................................A. corallophora 8b. Upper surface of lobes ± flat; white marginal rim present; spongiostratum without cavities ..................................................................................................................... 9 9a. Isidia c. 0.1 mm wide and up to c. 0.4 mm long, with browned tips, rarely branched, when young club-shaped; medulla C+ yellow-orange, with lobaric acid and identified substances ......................................................................A. isidiolenta 9b. Isidia c. 0.1-0.3 mm wide and c. 0.5-1.2 mm long, without browned tips, more or less branched, not club-shaped; medulla C-, with norlobaridone or lobaric acid, occasionally without ................................................................................. A. isidiosa 10a. With soralia; medulla C-, UV+ white, with divaricatic acid ................................. 11 10b. With pustules; medulla C+ red, LTV-, with anziaic acid ...................................... 12 11a. With bubble- to urn-shaped, laminal soralia..................................... A. afromontana 11b. With labriform soralia on the lower side of recurved lobe tips ............A. americana 12a. Pustules mostly terminal, producing coarse soredia or tiny, coralloid lobules; upper surface of lobes ± flat; white marginal rim present; spongiostratum without cavities ....................................................................................................A. pustulata 12b. Pustules mostly lateral, producing convex lobules; upper surface of lobes ± convex; white marginal rim present; spongiostratum with central cavity between spongiostratum and medulla ........................................................A. pseudopustulata Bryoria Key: 1a. Thallus sorediate .......................................................................................... B. dahlii 1b. Thallus not sorediate............................................................................ B. indonesica Bulbothrix Key: 1a. Thallus without isidia or lobules.......................................................... B. tuskiformis 1b. Thallus with isidia or lobules................................................................................... 2 2a. Lobes black below, relatively broad ........................................................B. tabacina 2b. Lobes brown below, narrow .................................................................................... 3 3a. Medulla C+ pink .......................................................................................B. goebelii
3b. Medulla C- ............................................................................................................... 4 4a. Medulla P+ yellow, K+ red (salazinic)....................................................... B. isidiza 4b. Medulla P+ red (protocetraric)...............................................................B. subinflata Bunodophoron Key: 1a. Thallus hollow ...................................................................................... B. diplotypus 1b. Thallus solid............................................................................................................. 2 2a. Branched thin, less than 2 mm wide .........................................................B. murrayi 2b. Branches thick, more than 2 mm wide............................................... B. patagonicus Canoparmelia Key: 1a. Thallus isidiate........................................................................................ C. adspersa 1b. Thallus sorediate .........................................................................................C. texana Cetraria Key: 1a. Thallus broad; lobes usually over 2 mm wide ........................................C. islandica 1b. Thallus narrow; lobes usually under 2 mm wide................................... C. nigricans Cetrelia Key: 1a. With (mostly marginal) soredia; medulla UV+ or UV-........................................... 2 1b. With (mostly marginal) isidia or lobuli; medulla UV+ white.................................. 3 2a. Medulla C+ red, UV- (olivetoric acid) ................................................ C. olivetorum 2b. Medulla C-, KC+ reddish, UV+ white (alectoronic acid).........................C. chicitae 3a. With (usually short) isidia (alectoronic acid)...................................... C. braunsiana 3b. With marginal lobules (microphyllinic acid)...........................................C. japonica Cladonia Key (after Stenroos, S. 1986. The family Cladoniaceae in Melanesia. 2. Cladonia section Cocciferae. Annales Botanici Fennici 23: 239-250. and Stenroos, S. 1988a. The family Cladoniaceae in Melanesia. 3. Cladonia sections Helopodium, Perviae and Cladonia. Annales Botanici Fennici 25: 117-148.): 1a. Thallus without squamules ...................................................................................... 2 1b. At least some squamules present ............................................................................. 3 2a. Thallus inflated, little branched ...............................................................C. papuana 2b. Thallus not inflated, densely (at least 5 times) branched.......................... C. confusa 3a. Podetial axils, scyphi and often tips open................................................................ 4 3b. Podetial axils, scyphi and tips closed....................................................................... 7 4a. Podetia richly branched; contains fumarprotocetraric acid (PD+ red) .................... 5
Page 1 and 2: Keys to the macrolichens and checkl
Page 3 and 4: 18a. Thallus with distinct, white,
Page 5 and 6: 15b. Cyphellae and pseudocyphellae
Page 7: 43a. Rhizines branched dichotomous
Page 11 and 12: 18a. Scyphi generally well develope
Page 13 and 14: 2a. Thallus not lobed around the ma
Page 15 and 16: Fuscopannaria Key (after Jørgensen
Page 17 and 18: 3a. Thallus lacking isidia, soredia
Page 19 and 20: 33a. Medulla lemon-yellow; secaloni
Page 21 and 22: 11a. Thallus purplish brown, very t
Page 23 and 24: 2a. Thallus truly isidiate or with
Page 25 and 26: 6b. Thallus grey or brown, placodio
Page 27 and 28: 10a. Medulla K+ yellow-orange; cole
Page 29 and 30: 38b. Medulla P+ deep orange-red; fa
Page 31 and 32: 6b. Margins with soralia or isidioi
Page 33 and 34: 6b. Upper surface grey, not pruinos
Page 35 and 36: 24a. Upper surface faveolate to pit
Page 37 and 38: 8a. Isidia present ................
Page 39 and 40: 5a. Phyllocladia mainly basal, abse
Page 41 and 42: 2a. Not isidiate...................
Page 43 and 44: Aulaxina dictyospora R. Sant. Aptro
Page 45 and 46: C. papuaensis Archer www.tropicalli
Page 47 and 48: Cryptolechia subincolorella (Nyl.)
Page 49 and 50: G. leptogramma Nyl. www.tropicallic
Page 51 and 52: H. sinuosa (Sm.) Hale Streimann 198
Page 53 and 54: Linhartia patellarioides (Rehm) Vĕ
Page 55 and 56: M. terebratulum (Nyl.) Hale www.bgb
Page 57 and 58: P. latissimum (Fée) Hale Streimann
Page 59 and 60:
P. subsorodes Elix & A.W. Archer El
Page 61 and 62:
P. viridinigricans Vain. Streimann
Page 63 and 64:
R. monospora Aptroot Aptroot et al.
Page 65 and 66:
Stigmidium epiphyllum Matzer Matzer
Page 67 and 68:
U. himantodes Stirton. Stevens 1999
Page 69 and 70:
Bjerke, J.W. & H.J.M. Sipman 2007.
Page 71 and 72:
Komposch, H., A. Aptroot & J. Hafel
Page 73:
Stevens, G.N. 1999. A revision of t
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