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Introduction The changes in scholarly communication have been well documented in numerous reports and articles over the last decade. Today most scholarly journals and a growing number of monographs are distributed in digital format over the Internet. In the near future, it will be common for scholarly publications to be “enhanced with embedded graphics, audio and video materials, all linked with datasets and applications needed to manipulate data, etc” 1 . Moreover, user expectations in the digital world often involve easy, immediate, and free access to content. In addition, the rates of technological change are not expected to wane anytime soon, but rather accelerate. This report presents the result of an environmental scan of the Canadian academic publishing landscape undertaken in January-February 2010 on behalf of the University of British Columbia Library. The purpose of the scan was to identify new models of peer-review scholarly publishing in Canada, with a particular focus on open access and library-publisher collaborations. The methodology involved a review of the literature and interviews with stakeholders in the Canadian academic publishing community. In Canada, most scholarly publications are still produced by traditional publishers (scholarly societies, commercial publishers, and academic presses), and are made available via subscription or purchase. Many are in the social sciences and humanities. However, scholarly publishing in Canada, as elsewhere, is in a state of flux. Traditional roles are becoming blurred and new models are emerging. The review found three important factors that are contributing to the deployment of these new models: 1. New technologies, in particular the Internet and publishing management software, are having a huge impact on academic publishing and distribution in Canada. Open Journal Systems (OJS) developed by the Public Knowledge Project, for instance, is an open source software system for managing journal publishing processes. It is currently being used by approximately 5,000 journals around the world. OJS, and other similar platforms, manage the journal’s workflow from manuscript submission to publication making it significantly easier to publish and also reduce the costs associated with publishing. These new technologies are enabling libraries, scholars, and student groups to become more active players in scholarly publishing. 2. Synergies Canada is a collaborative initiative of twenty-one Canadian universities. Led by the Université de Montréal (with the Consortium Érudit), the project has four additional regional partners: Simon Fraser University, University of New Brunswick, University of 1 Brown et al. pg. 14 3
Toronto, and University of Calgary. The purpose of the project is to bring Canadian humanities and social sciences journals online. It aims to develop a non-profit national infrastructure for Canadian scholarly publishing that will eventually expand beyond social sciences and humanities. 170 Canadian journals are currently participating in the project. The journals are mostly hosted by a university library, aggregated to the regional node, and made available through the national Synergies portal. The Synergies project has been led in large part by Érudit, a multi-institutional publishing consortium comprising the Université de Montréal, the Université Laval and the Université du Québec à Montréal, which has been instrumental in providing online access to Quebec, French-language journals. Synergies Canada was funded through a Canada Foundation for Innovation grant, provincial partners, and institutional operating funds. 3. Open access is a growing international movement that calls for the free availability of scholarly output over the Internet. Open access (OA) targets the peer-reviewed journal literature, for which authors receive no financial compensation, although in some cases OA is being adopted for scholarly monographs. Open access can be achieved in two ways: through open access publications or open access self-archiving, which involves depositing a copy of a subscription-based publication into an open access repository. The concept of OA emerged in 2001 out of a meeting organized by the Open Society Institute in Budapest. Since then, its popularity has grown steadily. Authors who support open access do so because it broadens their readership, and governments support it because it makes research knowledge funded by taxpayers available to the public. Forthcoming funding agency and university mandates requiring authors to make their publications open access will likely further strengthen the prospects for open access. Universities are the backdrop for most of the innovative approaches to scholarly publishing being adopted in Canada. Open access journals are steadily moving into the mainstream and open access monographs are starting to appear. E-books and print on demand services are being embraced by both university presses and libraries. A growing number of independent scholars, scholar collaboratives, and student groups are publishing their own peer-reviewed materials. And, Canadian libraries are becoming more active in publishing and dissemination, through the implementation of institutional repositories and journal hosting services. A common theme running through many of the initiatives identified for this review is that they are the result of collaborations amongst different communities. Working together, libraries, publishers, and scholars are better able to find creative solutions to publishing in a rapidly evolving environment. In addition, collaborations can help to mitigate the risks inherent in change for all participants involved. It is reasonable to assume that strengthening these partnerships and 4
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Meeting oof the CARL Scholarly S Co
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Meeting of the CARL Committee on Sc
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For the matter of print preservatio
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as the first step in developing a s
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Minutes of the CARL Scholarly Commu
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DART Europe (ETDs partnership betwe
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(ICM) Document 3 Partners Ligue des
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Outline - Synergies Business and Su
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Special Collections in ARL Librarie
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Contents Special Collections in ARL
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Preface Special Collections in ARL
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ARL Working Group on Special Collec
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Recommendations: Special Collection
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