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Outline – Synergies Business and Sustainability Plan Rowland Lorimer 2 of 11 other owners; participation by libraries as hosts for online journals; a transformation of library support from the purchase of subscriptions to direct support; and a conversion of the primary published product from print to online media. The key challenges are three. The first is to provide a fair and adequate flow of funds to journals in a manner that ensures their long-term survival. The second is the transformation of support by university libraries from subscriptions to access- and usagebased support. The third is to create an appropriate organization of hosting and related support services that is cost effective and respects the institutional relationships that various universities have with journals. Synergies in a Global Nutshell Synergies is a dynamic and evolving national digital publishing platform, index, and repository of peer-reviewed journal content and other research literature. Once in operation, Synergies will quickly emerge as a crucial foundation of both production and access to Canadian social science sciences and humanities (SSH) research for the foreseeable future. Synergies will also act as a contributing repository of Canadian SSH research to the sum of SSH research and knowledge worldwide. Synergies assists journals and monograph publishers, universities and conference organizers, throughThrough provision of publishing and access platforms that facilitate manuscript management, peer review, publishing of research, and nultifaceted access., Synergies will assist journal and monograph authors, editors and publishers, universities, conference organizers, and the education community as a whole. The $12 million investment of public funds in Synergies, shared by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, SSHRC, mainly the provinces of BC, Alberta, Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick, and 22?? universities across Canada represents a statement of faith in the value of ready access to SSH research by both researchers and the public alike. The object of this paper is to outline a sustainable funding model to ensure a permanent electronic archive and national research publication platform for Canadian humanities and social sciences. It describes the first development phase with its initial operational dynamics and lays a framework for joint action to sustainability and, as a result, a second development phase. This document recommends movement to Open Access publishing to take full advantage of digital realities and what Synergies is creating. However, more conservative options are possible that can build on some of the potential of online publishing media. The Changing Nature of Scholarly Communication Historically, the primary role of scholarly communication was to assist in the formation of communities of researchers to contribute to a ferment of ideas and a record of research upon which subsequent research could build. The body of knowledge created, for the greatest part, came to exist in two media forms, the scholarly monograph and the journal article. In addition to these forms were student theses and dissertations that were considered, in some countries, “unpublished.” 5/5/10 2 of 11 Formatted: Pattern: Solid (100%) (Yellow), Not Highlight
Outline – Synergies Business and Sustainability Plan Rowland Lorimer 3 of 11 A defining characteristic of the scholarly and research publishing process is its autonomy from academic institutions, an autonomy that complements and enhances academic freedom. In the name of academic freedom, considerable effort is expended to achieve and administer, for example, blind peer review, to ensure that publication decisions are made solely on the merit of the research. Necessary as such autonomy is, it creates extrainstitutional dependencies – on the marketplace, on research and other funding agencies, and on enlightened access 1 to institutional funds. For the most part in the print era, the market model governed access to the research record through publication pricing, institutional and individual purchasing, and/or membership in a scholarly society. While favouring wealthy countries, institutions, and individuals, the ever-increasing over-exploitation of copyright by commercial science, technology and medical (STM) journal-publishing firms interfered with effective knowledge communication to potential beneficiaries. In the print world, such shortcomings required certain practices and provisions workedarounds around the shortcomings and inequities of the market model; for instance, the record existed in libraries while researchers mailed off prints to other researchers who requested them. In a digital world, the shortcomings of the print-based marketplace model are more apparent and new. The absence of user-attributable costs beyond firstcopy costs transforms subscriptions and other purchasing into a bottleneck rather than,For instance, in a digital world, there is no need to separate the creation of the record from dissemination. Similarly, the subscription-based model is no longer an imperfect but understandable but imperfect means for allocating resources. That same absence makes possible the The absence of user-based costs – printing and distributing a user's personal copy – transforms subscriptions into an unnecessary bottleneck. The dynamics of digital technology bring forward consideration of Open Access, that is to say, dissemination to users without user fees, in more dramatic terms, the universal public distribution in pursuit of universal dissemination of knowledge and hence the maximization of benefit to humanity. Synergies will provide major assistance in transforming the possible future of the digital world into an operational reality. However, in the final analysis, Synergies can only serve as a catalyst. The realization of the goal of both easy and public dissemination of research requires action by the research and post-secondary education community as a whole. Universities and researchers worldwide and acting in concert must find the means, in collaboration with research funders, to support the crucial knowledge dissemination role that journals and scholarly monographs, and other forms of non-commercial scholarly publications, play. Synergies Specifics To achieve the benefits made possible by digital information and communication, Synergies was designed to provide the following services: 1 I am using the term enlightened here to mean recognition of the greater good of the general community rather than a responsibility for the interests of one’s own institution. 5/5/10 3 of 11
Page 1 and 2: Meeting oof the CARL Scholarly S Co
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Page 33 and 34: Special Collections in ARL Librarie
Page 35 and 36: Contents Special Collections in ARL
Page 37 and 38: Preface Special Collections in ARL
Page 39: ARL Working Group on Special Collec
Page 47: Recommendations: Special Collection
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Page 65 and 66: Appendices Recommendations I. Colle
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willingness to consider the goals o
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OCUL digital collection development
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might happen. There are still many
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Document 10 2010 Open Access Engage
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CARL Brief for Open Access Engageme
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scholarship through hybrid scholarl
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and a vital service, and (3) publis
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importance of experimenting with mo
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At its January 2010 meeting, the Si
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Recommendation: The Canadian Associ
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Meetings (resulting from letters) M
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In attendance: SCHOLARLY JOURNALS S
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context of world trends towards ope
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2010 Congress in Montreal CARL Spon
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and determine whether it could be t
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Total 2010 budget of Scholarly Comm
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December 2009 Questionnaire RE: Int
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Concordia Librarians staffed welcom
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generally better Tuesday to Thursda
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UWO Western Libraries at The Univer
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A Review of Emerging Models in Cana
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Toronto, and University of Calgary.
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Case Studies The remainder of this
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The journals single revenue source
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want to be “Main Sponsors”. •
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improving access to research result
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• Provide the server space to hos
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processing with respect to both eBo
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criticized for failing to exploit t
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Funding for the Press comes from bl
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experience dealing with the epub/xm
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Working with Kirtas Technologies, t
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collection. Contributors are encour
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The content is updated daily. Once
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References Antonius, Daniel and Ada
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Appendix 1: More examples of journa
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services are available to the McMas
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University of Western Ontario Libra
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