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2.5 Re,'iew of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) The tcchnology ofComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a design validation tool is brought into SolidWorks to use numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems related to fluid flows. CFD technology discretizes the spatial domain into small cells to fonn a volume mesh or grid, and then applies a suitable algorithm to solve the equations ofmotion. Treating a continuous fluid in a discretized fonnat is the most fundamental consideration in CFD [24]. The Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Finite Volume Method (FVM) are the two main discretization methods widely used in the CFO field. The FEM uses standard techniques for finding solutions ofpartial differential equations (POE) as well as integral equations. The solution approach is based on eliminating the differential equation completely or converting the POE into an approximating system ofordinary differential equations, which are then numerically integrated using standard techniques such as Euler's method, Rungc-Kutta and so on. FEM is mostly used in solving partial diffcrcntial cquations ovcr complicatcd geometry, such as cars, to increase prediction accuracy in important areas [25]. Finite volume method (FVM) is a classical approach used most often in commercial and research codes. The governing equations are solved on discrete control volumcs. FVM recasts the partial differential equation (POE) ofthe avier·Stokcs equation in the conservative fonn and then discretizcs the equations. This guarantees the conservation of 30
fluxes through a particular control volume. Another advantage ofthe finite volume method (FVM) is that it is relatively easy to fonnulate for unstructured meshes (26]. FVM is often used in dynamic flow analysis, like marine propellers. In 2008, Pawel Dymarski [27] published a paper that presented a computer program SOLAGA to compute viscous flow around a ship propeller. The numerical model used for solving the system ofmain equations is based on FVM. The solution domain is subdividc..'d into a finite number ofcontrol volumes, which are solved based on the integral from ofthe conservation equations. In the results, the calculatc..'d pressure distribution over the blades ofthe propeller is smooth, and the calculated propeller thrust and torque arc in agreement with the experimental results. This paper showed that FVM is applicable to flow dynamic analysis for propellers. Presently, Finite Volume Method (FVM) is used in many computational fluid dynamics packages, such as, CosmosFloWorks, which is the SolidWorks integrated fluid simulation application. SolidWorks also provides highly-advanced Finite Element Analysis (FEA) functions to designers and engineers. FEA is a numericaltcchnique to solve enginecring analysis problems for structural and field applications. Thc idea of FEA is to break a complicated structure into small clements and each clement is based on physical law to calculate algebraic equations and solve engineering problems [28]. CosmosWorks is the application package for FEA analysis. CosmosFloWorks can calculate the surface pressure results ofa propeller, and then transfer thc results into CosmosWorks to do a stress analysis. CosmosWorks use the pressure results as an input ofthe stress analysis, 31
Page 4: A Rapid Development Process for Mar
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents Abstract ... Ackn
Page 9: List ofTables Table I: Required Inp
Page 12 and 13: Figure 46: Surface Dynamic Pressure
Page 14 and 15: a long time to analyze, draw, fabri
Page 16 and 17: Simulation work is now commonly don
Page 18 and 19: Early theoretical analysis applied
Page 20 and 21: ------------------------- provides
Page 22 and 23: As can be secn in Table I, the lift
Page 24 and 25: propeller geometry has to be entere
Page 27: avoid cavitation; however, it decre
Page 31: l" ........... ,... __ .... :l ,,_
Page 34: Table 2: Advantages and Disadvantag
Page 41: trend for many companies to reduce
Page 45 and 46: known as a casting, is usually ejec
Page 47 and 48: Table 3: Prototyping Technology Mat
Page 49: quite accuratc for a testing level.
Page 54 and 55: For given values ofJ, Fn, Rn, En, t
Page 56: propeller geometry for impon into t
Page 59 and 60: Using OpenPVL_SW I a propeller desi
Page 64: o ...n".... 'Co 'OJ • • • DC)
Page 72 and 73: 3.3 Simulations using CosmosFloWork
Page 75 and 76: simulation domain are set to 6m and
Page 79: CosmosWorks can be used to check th
Page 82: Figure 33: Dynamic Pressure Distrib
Page 88: Chapter 4 Case Study: Simulation of
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The plots of RPM and thrust from ou
Page 96 and 97:
Figure 46: Surface Dynamic Pressure
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Figure 48: Deflection ofthe AUV Pro
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In this simulation, two nose cones
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Chapter 6 Propeller Fabrication by
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Figure 60: Stratasys rDM 2000 After
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Material options for Stratasys Fusi
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Chapter 7 Conclusions and Future Wo
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References III Burtner, E., 1953, "
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[20] D'Epagnier, P.K., 2005, "A Com
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Appendix 1\: The Part ofOpcnPVL_SW
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Create all of the function commands
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Appendix B: SolidWorks Macro lor th
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'create loft swModcl.ClearSelcction
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