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hardware implementation of data compression ... - INFN Bologna

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Contents<br />

Introduction ix<br />

1 The ALICE experiment 1<br />

1.1 The Inner Tracking System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2<br />

1.1.1 Tracking in ALICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3<br />

1.1.2 Physics <strong>of</strong> the ITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4<br />

1.1.3 Layout <strong>of</strong> the ITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6<br />

1.2 Design <strong>of</strong> the drift layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8<br />

1.3 The SDDs (Silicon Drift Detectors) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10<br />

1.4 SDD readout system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12<br />

1.4.1 Front-end module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14<br />

1.4.2 Event-buffer strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17<br />

1.4.3 End-ladder module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18<br />

1.4.4 Choice <strong>of</strong> the technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19<br />

2 Data <strong>compression</strong> techniques 21<br />

2.1 Applications <strong>of</strong> <strong>data</strong> <strong>compression</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22<br />

2.2 Remarks on information theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23<br />

2.3 Compression techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24<br />

2.3.1 Lossless <strong>compression</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25<br />

2.3.2 Lossy <strong>compression</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25<br />

2.3.3 Measures <strong>of</strong> performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25<br />

2.3.4 Modelling and coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26<br />

2.4 Lossless <strong>compression</strong> techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27<br />

2.4.1 Huffman coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27<br />

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