Ecological and anthropogenic covariates ... - GANGAPEDIA

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Variable (type) Stage Height (S) Discharge (S) Water depth (S) Equipment used Measurement Details Staff Gauge Daily (in) LYNX cup type water current meter; Float method Hondex Digital Depth Sounder 3394 Nikon Monarch Channel width Laser 800 6x (S) Range finder Temperature (S) Shoreline substrate type (C, D) Basking Site (S) HOBO Pendant Temp. Data Loggers (Part # UA-001-XX) Six measurements bet. Jan-May 2010; m 3 /sec Measured every 0.5 km; continuous (ft) Measured every 0.5 km; continuous (m) Logged at 30 min intervals Soil texture tests Observation Observation 15 Covariates Change in river level Depth at 10m intervals across channel width Mean channel width (m) Expected effects on gharial distribution/ activity Increased clustering of individuals within deeper sections with decrease in water level Correlated with stage height Size-related preference for depth; larger individuals (deep segments); smaller individuals (less deep segments) Correlated with depth (1) Air and water temperatures (2) Mean, maximum and minimum ( o Basking activity C) Types - Clayloam, Sand, Gravel, Sandstone-rock. Extent per segment Substrate; slope at 0, 1, 2 m; depth at 5m intervals inversely proportional to temp; reduced proportion of basking animals Preference for areas with greater sand extent Preference for areas with suitable basking sites. Table 1: Details of habitat covariates measured, Variable types: S - scalar, Categorical, D - Discrete
Variable (type) Measurement Details Sand mining (D) Observation Bankside Cultivation (D) Observation Fishing (C, D) Observation River crossing (C, D) Observation Livestock (D) Observation Miscellaneous (C, D) Observation 16 Covariates No. of people/ tractors; Extent per segment No. of people/ pump sets; Extent per segment Type - Gill net; Hook-line. No. of people; Extent per segment Type - People; Float; Tractor; Ferry. Number. Extent per segment No. of livestock. Extent per segment No. of people. Extent per segment Table 2: Details of anthropogenic covariates measured, Variable types: S - scalar, C- categorical, D – Discrete Data Analysis Assessing changes in habitat availability and relative abundance of Gharials across the low-water season Explanatory variables like water depth and channel width, and stage height and discharge, are riverine, geophysical factors, and often correlated to each other. Changes in river discharge (m 3 /sec) and in mean, maximum and minimum, air and water temperatures (°C) across sampling occasions were plotted using box-and- whiskers plots (see figures 4 & 5). I also compared gharial counts across the sampling occasions to ensure that similar relative abundances were recorded across sites,
Page 1 and 2: Ecological and anthropogenic covari
Page 3 and 4: variable data like river discharge,
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 7 and 8: In the face of increasing proposals
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 1 Ecological and Anthropoge
Page 11 and 12: Introduction Humans live disproport
Page 13 and 14: Despite the release of over 5000 yo
Page 15 and 16: its 523 km run, the river passes th
Page 17 and 18: sites considered favourble based on
Page 19: correction factor for the float mea
Page 23 and 24: interpolation deriving from regiona
Page 25 and 26: the effects of covariates measured
Page 27 and 28: We compared Zero-Inflated Poisson (
Page 29 and 30: Assessing changes in habitat availa
Page 31 and 32: Figure 6: Box-and-whiskers plots co
Page 33 and 34: Occasion 1: Residual mean deviance
Page 35 and 36: Occasion 3: Residual mean deviance:
Page 37 and 38: Discussion Humans have preferential
Page 39 and 40: Tucker et al. (1997) report that pr
Page 41 and 42: once caught in the net are wary of
Page 43 and 44: Bustard, HR and LAK Singh. 1977. St
Page 45 and 46: Hutton, J. 1989. Movements, home ra
Page 47 and 48: Oliver, M.A., R. Webster. 1990. Kri
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 2 Photographic identificati
Page 51 and 52: Hussain, 2009); and is especially a
Page 53 and 54: data also enables the estimation of
Page 55 and 56: A 600km stretch of the Chambal Rive
Page 57 and 58: Marked animals were accorded no exc
Page 59 and 60: Single-crested region Figure 2: Lat
Page 61 and 62: A B C Capture: 07.02.2010 Figure 1.
Page 63 and 64: (Nichols, 1992). Since gharials are
Page 65 and 66: and Ross, JP. 2007. Gavialis ganget
Page 67 and 68: Mazzoil M., McCulloch S.D., Defran
Page 69 and 70: GENERAL CONCLUSION Humans have pref
Page 71 and 72:
APPENDIX - 1 Figure 1: Scatter plot
Page 73 and 74:
Figure 2: Scatter plots representin
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
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