Ecological and anthropogenic covariates ... - GANGAPEDIA

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Walker, and D. H. Wall. 2000. Biodiversity - Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science 287:1770-1774. Singh, LAK. and H.R. Bustard. 1976. A Method to Identify Individual Young Gharial (GAVIALIS GANGETICUS). British Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 5, pp.669- 671. Sutherland WJ, 1995. From individual behaviour to population ecology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Swanepoel, D.G.L. 1996. Identification of the Nile Crocodile Crocodylus niloticus by the use of natural tail marks. Koedoe, 39, 113-115. van Lawick Goodall, J. (1971). In the shadow of man. Glasgow: Collins. Whitaker et al. 2007. The Gharial: Going extinct again. Iguana. 14, 1: 24 – 33 Wilson, R. P. and C. R. McMahon. 2006. Measuring devices on wild animals: what constitutes acceptable practice? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 4:147- 154. Yoshizaki, J. 2007. Use of natural tags in closed population capture-recapture studies: Modeling misidentification. Ph.D. Thesis. Biomathematics Graduate Program and Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh. Yoshizaki, J., K. H. Pollock, C. Brownie, and R. A. Webster. 2009. Modeling misidentification errors in capture-recapture studies using photographic identification of evolving marks. Ecology 90:3-9. 63
GENERAL CONCLUSION Humans have preferentially settled in close proximity of freshwater resources and subsequently, freshwater ecosystems and species have suffered from multiple historical and on-going stresses from use by humans. Freshwater ecosystems are increasingly threatened by human modifications of riverscapes. These stresses are often interrelated and endangered species like the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), are highly susceptible to these combined pressures. Understanding the habitat requirements of species in such systems is vital for effective conservation planning. My study describes gharial habitat use in terms of river depth -channel width profile and basking site characteristics; and the effect of anthropogenic activities on the use of habitats by the gharials. On the basis of the depth profile and shoreline substratum data, approximately one- fifth (29/150 sub-segments) of the study area qualified as preferred gharial habitat. I quantified the habitat attributes of areas used by the species. The results corroborate existing qualitative information on the subject. Gharials appear to prefer areas where deep pools are in proximity of large sandy banks. The banks are used for basking and the pools are an important refuge from danger, and also offer more stable temperature regimes. I also examined the effect of anthropogenic activities on the use of habitats by the gharials. All human activities appeared to negatively influence the use of areas by gharials. Sand mining and cultivation around the banks negatively impacted the use of such sites for basking. Gharials were seen less often and in fewer numbers in areas 64
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Ecological and anthropogenic covari
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variable data like river discharge,
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Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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In the face of increasing proposals
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Chapter 1 Ecological and Anthropoge
Page 11 and 12:
Introduction Humans live disproport
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Despite the release of over 5000 yo
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its 523 km run, the river passes th
Page 17 and 18: sites considered favourble based on
Page 19 and 20: correction factor for the float mea
Page 21 and 22: Variable (type) Measurement Details
Page 23 and 24: interpolation deriving from regiona
Page 25 and 26: the effects of covariates measured
Page 27 and 28: We compared Zero-Inflated Poisson (
Page 29 and 30: Assessing changes in habitat availa
Page 31 and 32: Figure 6: Box-and-whiskers plots co
Page 33 and 34: Occasion 1: Residual mean deviance
Page 35 and 36: Occasion 3: Residual mean deviance:
Page 37 and 38: Discussion Humans have preferential
Page 39 and 40: Tucker et al. (1997) report that pr
Page 41 and 42: once caught in the net are wary of
Page 43 and 44: Bustard, HR and LAK Singh. 1977. St
Page 45 and 46: Hutton, J. 1989. Movements, home ra
Page 47 and 48: Oliver, M.A., R. Webster. 1990. Kri
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 2 Photographic identificati
Page 51 and 52: Hussain, 2009); and is especially a
Page 53 and 54: data also enables the estimation of
Page 55 and 56: A 600km stretch of the Chambal Rive
Page 57 and 58: Marked animals were accorded no exc
Page 59 and 60: Single-crested region Figure 2: Lat
Page 61 and 62: A B C Capture: 07.02.2010 Figure 1.
Page 63 and 64: (Nichols, 1992). Since gharials are
Page 65 and 66: and Ross, JP. 2007. Gavialis ganget
Page 67: Mazzoil M., McCulloch S.D., Defran
Page 71 and 72: APPENDIX - 1 Figure 1: Scatter plot
Page 73 and 74: Figure 2: Scatter plots representin
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Ecological and anthropogenic covariates ... - GANGAPEDIA

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