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ASCENDING HYPOGENIC SPELEOGENESIS
Figure 12. Regionalization of Optymistychna Cave, western Ukraine, a 214+ km long maze, according to its multi-story structures and the
reconstruction of recharge-discharge arrangement during the time of its formation. Inset diagrammatically shows the hydrostratigraphy and
the stair-case effect of the recharge-discharge offset. The thickness of the gypsum bed (18 m) is exaggerated. From Klimchouk et al. (1995).
Figure 13. A = Plan of Wind Cave, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA (courtesy of Wind Cave National Park); B = a diagram illustrating the
concept of the uplift origin of the Black Hills maze caves and the staircase effect of recharge-discharge offset. Redrawn from Ford (1989).
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