Download PDF - Speleogenesis
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62<br />
NCKRI Special Paper No. 1<br />
Figure 29. Hypogenic confined mazes in gypsum in Western Europe. Denis Parisis Cave, Paris Basin, France, is a 3.5 km long cave<br />
encountered by mines in the Tertiary gypsum (from Beluche et al, 1996). Estremera Cave, Madrid Basin, Spain, also has a length of 3.5 km<br />
and occurs in the Neogene gypsum (Almendros and Anton Burgos, 1983).<br />
Figure 30. Development of<br />
hypogenic caves at the base<br />
of a sulfate formation due to<br />
buoyancy-driven dissolution,<br />
example from South Harz,<br />
Germany (from Kempe,<br />
1996).<br />
Figure 31. Two-dimensional caves formed<br />
by transverse flow across a single bed of<br />
Miocene limestone, Prichernomorsky<br />
artesian basin, south Ukraine (from Pronin,<br />
1995). Numerous slot-like single-passage<br />
caves (A) and small network clusters (B)<br />
are encountered by extensive limestone<br />
mines beneath Odessa city. Passages are<br />
terminated laterally by pinching-out of<br />
fissures.