Microstructure-Properties: I Fracture Toughness - Materials Science ...

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32 Objective Overview Crack Minimztn. Energy Absrptin. 2A Transformation toughening: quantitative approach • It is not possible to lay out the details of how to describe transformation toughening in a fully quantitative fashion here. • An equation that describes the toughening effect is as follows, where K is the increment in toughness (units of stress intensity, MPa√m): ∆K = C E V trans ε trans √h / (1-ν) C is a constant (of order 1), E = elastic modulus, V trans = volume fraction transformed, ε trans = transformation strain (dilatation, i.e. bulk expansion), h is the width of the process zone, and ν is Poisson’s ratio. • What controls the width of the process zone?
33 Objective Overview Crack Minimztn. Energy Absrptin. 2B Microcracking • Less effective than transformation toughening is microcracking in the process zone. • Microstructural elements are included that crack over limited distances and only at the elevated (tensile) stresses present in the crack tip. [Green]
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Microstructure-Properties: I Fracture Toughness - Materials Science ...

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