Long-term Memory
Long-term Memory
Long-term Memory
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A Unitary Account of <strong>Memory</strong><br />
• levels of processing: the only difference between STM<br />
and LTM is whether encoding is “shallow” or “deep”<br />
– memory is a continuum, rather than different modes<br />
– deep processing is more semantic and self-referential and<br />
results in stronger, longer lasting memories<br />
• Semantic memories are more distinctive (unique)<br />
• Semantic memories involve elaboration (interconnected)<br />
– shallow processing is concerned with physical characteristics<br />
and results in weaker, temporary memories<br />
– Craik and Tulving (1975) had participants study words with the<br />
following tasks (listed from worst to best memory)<br />
• Is it in upper case?<br />
• Does it rhyme with ?<br />
• Does it fit in the sentence ?
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