PCWA-L 467.pdf - PCWA Middle Fork American River Project ...

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102 MEASUREME!'o'T OF STAGE AND DISCHARGE stationary in the water. The weight also prevents damage to the meter when the assembly is lowered to the streambed. The sounding weights now used in the U.s.A. are the ColumbUS weights, commonly called the C type. (See fig. 56.) The weights are streamlined to offer minimum resistance to flowing water. Each weight has a vertical slot and a drilled horizontal hole to accommodate a weight hanger and securing pin. The weight hanger (fig. 57) is attached to the end of the sounding line by a connector. The current meter is attached beneath the connector, and the sounding weight is attached to the lower end of the hanger by means of the hanger pin. In addition to the weights shown in figure 56, weights of 150, 200 and 300 lb (68, 91, and 136 kg) are used for measuring the discharge ofdeep, swift rivers. The sounding-weight hangers shown in figure 57 are designed to accommodate the weights of the various sizes. The height of the meter rotor above the bottom of the sounding weight must be considered in calculations to position the meter for velocity observations at various percentages of the stream depth. SOUNDINC REELS A sounding reel has a drum for winding the sounding cable, a crank and ratchet assembly for raising and lowering the weight or holding it in any desired position, and a depth indicator. The U.S. Geological Survey has five types or sizes of sounding reel in common use, the choice of reel b€ing dependent on the depth of water to b€ measured and on the weight required for sounding. The )ightest of the reels, known as the Canfield reel (fig. 58), can b€ used with either single- or two--conductor cable; the other four reels use two--conductor cable, whose diameter ranges from 0.084 in to 0.125 in (2.13 to 3.18 mm), I / FIGURE 56.-ColumbuB 15--, 30--, 50--. 75-, and lOO·lb sounding weIghts.
5. DISCHARGE-CURRENT·Mb'TER MErHOD 103 depending on the weight to he handled. The three smaller reels have a hand crank for raising and lowering the meter and weight (fig. 58l; FIGURE 57.-Sounding-weight hangerB and hanger pins.
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Measurement and Computation of Stre
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IV PREFACE trations, and all-out ef
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6 MEASUREMENT OF STAGE AND DISGHARG
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8 MEASUREMENT OF STAGE AND DISCHARG
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10 MEASUREMENT OF STAGE AND DISCHAR
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3. GAGING·STATION CONTROLS 17 sary
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4. STAGE MEASUREMENT 23 ferred to s
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32 MEASUREMENT OF STAGE AND DlSCHAR
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4. STAGE MEASUREMENT 37 cords a 4-d
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5. DISCHARGE-CURRENT-METER METHOD 1
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5. DISCHARGE CURRENT METER METHOD 1
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174 MEASUREMENT OF STAGE &"lD DISCH
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5. DlSCHARGE-CURRENT-METER METHOD 1
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196 MEASUREMENT OF STAGE AND DISCHA
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7. DlSCHARGE-TRACER-DlLUTION METHOD
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246 MEASUREMENT OF STAGE AND DlSCHA
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7. DlSCHARGE-TRACER·DlLUTION METHO
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7. DISCHARGE-TRACER-DILUTION METHOD
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