Legitimate use of military force against state-sponsored - Air University

70. See Michael Akehurst, “Humanitarian Intervention,’’ chap. 7 in Intervention in
World Politics, ed. Hedley Bull (Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1984). 105-6; Donnelly,
317; Farer, 55; and Maizel, 65-66.
71. See Franck and Rodley, 285-86, 278; and von Glahn, 168.
72. Clark, 213.
73. Lillich, 230.
74. See UN Security Council, Official Records (UN SCOR), 26th year, 1606th
meeting, 15.
75. Franck and Rodley, 290. See also Donnelly, 321.
76. See Akehurst, 97-99; and Franck and Rodley, 290-98.
77. See UN General Assembly, “Declaration on Inadmissibility of Intervention in the
Domestic Affairs of States and Protection of Their Political Independence and Sovereignty,’’ 21
December 1965. Resolution 2131, UN GAOR, 20th sess., supp. 14, A/6014 (1965), 11; UN
General Assembly, Resolution 2625, 121; and UN General Assembly, “Definition of
Aggression.” Resolution 3314, UN GAOR, 29th sess., supp. 31, A/9631 (1974), 142.
78. See Briefly, 403; fan Brownlie, “Humanitarian Intervention,” chap.10 in Law and
Civil War in the Modern World, ed. John Norton Moore (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1974), 225: Franck and Rodley, 300 and 304; Green, 178; Maizel, 65;
McHugh, 145-46; Moore, 154; Schachter, “The Right of States,” 1629; Sorensen, 758-59: and
von Glahn 165-66.
79. See Lillich, 241.
80. “Report of the Committee on Use of Force in Relations among States,” in
International Law Association (LA), American Branch, 1985-86 Proceedings and Committee
Reports (New York: International Law Association, American Branch, 1986), 199.
81. See Akehurst, 105; and Donnelly, 318.
82. See Brierly, 427-28; Brownlie, “Humanitarian Intervention.’’ 225-27: Donnelly,
314; Secretariat of the International Commission of Jurists, The Events in East Pakistan, 1971. A
Legal Study (1972), 95; Richard Lillich. 136-37; Maizel, 64; John Norton Moore’s proposed
guidelines in ILA, “Report of the Committee on Human Rights,” in Report of the Fifty-Fourth
Conference. Held at The Hague (Great Britain: ILA, 1970), 15; and Ned Nanda, ‘‘The United
States’ Action in the 1985 Dominican Crisis: Impact on World Order- Part I,” Denver Law
Journal 43 (1966): 475.
83.“Geneva Convention on the Law of the High Seas,” art. 23, 29 April 1958, TIAS
5200, UST, vol. 13, pt. 2, 2312; UNTS, vol. 450 (1963), no. 6465, 82. See also Ian Brownlie,
“Use of Force,” 248; and Glanville L. Williams, “The Judicial Basis of Hot Pursuit,” British
Year Book of International Law, 1939, vol. 20 (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1939), 83, 92-93.
84. See John C. Bender, “Self-Defense and Cambodia: A Critical Appraisal,” Boston
University Law Review 50 (Spring 1970); 130: Bowett, Self-Defence, 32; and Manuel R.
Garcia-Mora, International Responsibility for Hostile Acts of Private Persons against Foreign
States (The Hague, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, 1962), 121.
85. Bowett, Self-Defence, 83.
86. See George R. Constantinople, “Toward a New Definition of Piracy: The Achille
Lauro Incident,’’ Virginia Journal of international Law 26, no. 3(1986): 724-37; Nancy Douglas
Joyner, Aerial Hijacking as an International Crime (Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications,
1974), 29; Alfred P. Rabin, “Current Legal Approaches to International Terrorism,” Terrorism: