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Legitimate use of military force against state-sponsored - Air University

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85. See James Berry Motley, “Target America: The Undeclared War,” in Fighting Back,<br />

ed. Livingstone and Arnold, 70. See also Jenkins, “Corn- batting Terrorism Becomes a War,” 2.<br />

86. See Gerald M. Boyd, “Iran Is Said to Get U.S. Weapons Aid in a Hostage Deal,”<br />

New York limes, 7 November 1986. 1; William Drozdiak and Walter Pincus, “Iran Says<br />

McFarlane Carried Out Secret Mission to Iran,” Washington Post, 5 November 1986, 1; and<br />

Walter Pincus, Shultz Protested Iran Deal,” Washington Post, 7 November 1986, 1.<br />

87. See Department <strong>of</strong> State, Bureau <strong>of</strong> Public Affairs, “International Terrorism: U.S.<br />

Policy on Taking Americans Hostage,” Washington, D.C., June 1986.<br />

88. See Bass et al., 7; and Jenkins, Terrorism and Beyond, 5.<br />

89. See Frank Brenchley, “Diplomatic Immunities and State-Sponsored Terrorism,”<br />

Conflict Studies 164 (1984): 2.<br />

90. See Karen DeYoung, “Britain Cuts Ties with Syria over El Al Bombing Links:<br />

Hindawi Guilty; Damascus Reacts,” Washington Post, 25 October 1986, 1(A) and 19(A).<br />

91. Friedlander, 86-87.<br />

92. Brian M. Jenkins, “International Terrorism: A Balance Sheet,” in Elliott and Gibson,<br />

224.<br />

93. See, “Austria Seeks ‘Atom Guerilla’,” San Jose Mercury, 23 April 1974, as quoted in<br />

Forrest R. Frank, “Nuclear Terrorism and the Escalation <strong>of</strong> International Conflict,” US Naval<br />

War College international Law Studies 62 (1980): 535.<br />

94. Senate, State-Sponsored Terrorism, 2.<br />

95. See Sterling; and Rivers, 88-101.<br />

96. See Casey, 61; and Laqueur, 89-98.<br />

97. See Casey. 66. See also Brian Michael Jenkins, “Combatting Terrorism: Some Policy<br />

Implications.” Rand, 6666, Rand Corp., Santa Monica, Calif., August 1981, 3-6; and Wilkinson,<br />

Terrorism and the Liberal State, 199-200.<br />

98. Jenkins, “A Balance Sheet,” 20. See also Kenneth B. Roberts, “Terrorism and the<br />

Military Response,” Strategic Studies Institute, Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, Pa.,<br />

October 1975, 2-4.<br />

99. Marks and van Ostpal, 4. See also Thomas M. Franck, “International Legal Action<br />

Concerning Terrorism,” Terrorism: An international Journal I, no. 2 (1978): 189; Benjamin<br />

Netanyahu, “Terrorism: How the West Can Win,” lime, 14 April 1986, 49; Schmid, 206-8;<br />

Wilkinson, Terrorism and the Liberal State, 181-84; and Maj Jeffery W. Wright, USA,<br />

“Terrorism: A Mode <strong>of</strong> Warfare,” Military Review 64, no. 10 (October 1984): 38.<br />

100. Andrew M. Scott, The Revolution in Statecraft: informal Penetration (New York:<br />

Random Ho<strong>use</strong>, 1969).<br />

101. Ibid., 166.<br />

102. See Wilkinson, Terrorism and the Liberal State, 199.<br />

103. See Edgar O’Ballance, “Terrorism: The New Growth Form <strong>of</strong> Warfare,” in<br />

international Terrorism in the Contemporary World, ed. Marius H. Livingston, Lee Bruce Kress,<br />

and Marie G. Wanek, Contributions in Political Science, no. 3 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood<br />

Press, 1978); Jenkins, “Corn-batting Terrorism Becomes a War”; Jenkins, A New Mode <strong>of</strong><br />

Conflict; and J. Wright.<br />

104. See Robert H. Kupperman, Debra van Ostpal, and David Williamson, Jr., “Terror,<br />

the Strategic Tool: Responses and Control,” Annals <strong>of</strong> the American Academy <strong>of</strong> Political and<br />

Social Science 463 (September 1982): 24.

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