Legitimate use of military force against state-sponsored - Air University

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Paust, Jordan 5. “Entebbe and Self-Help: The Israeli Response to Terrorism.” Fletcher Forum 2, no. 1 (January 1978): 86-93. ______. “Nonprotected’ Persons or Things.” In Legal Aspects of International Terrorism, ed. Alona E. Evans and John F. Murphy, 341-87. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books for American Society of International Law, 1978. Perry, James M. “Thatcher Draws Harsh Criticism by Labour, European Allies for Sanctioning Libya Strike.” Wall Street Journal, European edition, 16 April 1986, 4. Pierre, Andrew J. “The Politics of International Terrorism.” In Contemporary Terrorism, ed. John D. Elliott and Leslie K. Gibson, 35-50. Gaithersburg, Md.: International Association of Chiefs of Police, 1978. Reprinted from Orbis 19, no.4 (Winter 1976). Pincus, Walter. “Shultz Protested Iran Deal.” Washington Post, 7 November 1986, 1. ______. “Progressive Development of the Laws of War: A Reply to the Criticisms of the 1977 Geneva Protocols.” Virginia Journal of International Law 26, no. 3 (Spring 1986): 693-720. “Protection of Human Rights: International Terrorism.” (US Digest, chap. 3, sec. 6.) Contemporary Practice of the United States. American Journal of International Law 74, no. 2 (April 1980): 420-21. “Qadhafi’s High-Performance Fiat.” Editorial. Wall Street Journal, 25 September 1986, 30. Quainton, Anthony C. E. “Terrorism: Do Something! But What?” Department of State Bulletin 79, no. 2030 (September 1979): 60-64. Reismann, W. Michael. “Coercion and Self-Determination: Construing Charter Article 2(4).” Editorial comment, American Journal of International Law 78, no. 3 (July 1984): 642-45. ______. “Intervention Treaties in International Law.” Chap. 14 in International Violence, ed. Tunde Adeniran and Yonah Alexander, 213-45. New York: Praeger, 1983. “Resort to War and Armed Force: Organization of Eastern Caribbean States: Grenada 1983.” (US Digest, chap. 14, sec. 1.) Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law. American Journal of International Law 78, no. 3 (July 1984): 661-65. “Resort to War and Armed Force: Reprisals.” (US Digest, chap. 14, sec. 1.) Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law. American Journal of International Law 80, no. 1 (January 1980): 165-67. Roberts, Guy B. “The New Rules for Waging War: The Case against Ratification of Additional Protocol I.” Virginia Journal of International Law 26, no. 1 (Fall 1985): 123-70. Rosenne, Shabtai. “International Law and the Use of Force.” US Naval War College International Law Studies 62 (1980): 1-8. Rostow, Eugene. “Overcoming Denial.” In Terrorism: How the West Can Win, ed. Benjamin Netanyahu, 146-48. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux for the Jonathan Institute, 1986. Rubin, Alfred P. “Current Legal Approaches to International Terrorism.” Terrorism: An International Journal 7, no. 2(1984): 147-61. ______. “Legal Aspects of the My Lai Incident.” University of Oregon Law Review 49 (Winter 1970): 260-86. ______. “Terrorism and Piracy: A Legal View.” Terrorism: An International Journal 3, nos. 1-2 (1979): 1 17-30. Saddy, Fehmy. “International Terrorism, Human Rights, and World Order” Terrorism: An International Journal 5, no. 4 (1982): 325-51. Schachter, Oscar. “In Defense of International Rules on the Use of Force.” University of Chicago Law Review 53, no. 1 (Winter 1986): 113-46.
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LEGITIMATE USE OF MILITARY FORCE AG
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CONTENTS Page Disclaimer ii Forewor
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Chapter 7 USE OF MILITARY FORCE: TE
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR Lt Col Richard J.
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INTRODUCTION THE RELEVANCE OF INTER
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Chapter 7 summarizes the lessons le
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This Study, How Meaningful? States
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The international arena has seen so
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Combating terrorism accents this is
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7. Many scholars and jurists have f
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Jenkins, “Combatting Terrorism Be
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Thoughts toward an International Co
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29. See Vice President, Report on C
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CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS TERRORISM AND HOW
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If a general definition would be so
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Terrorism is the unlawful use or th
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International Terrorism: A Working
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there is evidence that President Id
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The Vice President’s Task Force o
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A Threat More Serious Than Numbers
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Diplomatic relations between countr
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And what has the challenge become?
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physically or by neutralizing their
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27. UN General Assembly, resolution
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44. L. C. Green of the University o
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65. Information provided by L. Cart
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105. See Stephen Sloan, Beating int
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The law of armed conflict approach
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But, as regards terrorism, the arme
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1. If the law of armed conflict is
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Although both approaches, law enfor
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crime involved. This initiative has
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Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) wa
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eaches, prosecution, and extraditio
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the latter instance, no one claimed
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international law establishing indi
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Another issue is the choice and use
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NOTES 1. Department of State, “Li
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28. Paul A. Tharp, Jr., “The Laws
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1919 a process has been under way t
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66. See Geneva Convention IV, artic
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CHAPTER 3 STATES HAVE RESPONSIBILIT
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International Terrorism and the Dut
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government exercises within its ter
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few states, although they do not vi
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to establish the linkage required u
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chapters 4-6 examine the second. Te
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all Members shall refrain in their
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valuable tools of self-help and of
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object the removal or destruction o
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10. Jordan J. Paust, “Entebbe and
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34. See “Terrorism’s Grim Upsur
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through activities that involve for
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CHAPTER 4 INDIVIDUAL SELF-DEFENSE A
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Strictly speaking, the right of ind
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Clearly, however, states may not re
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Although the degree of control that
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The expansive school’s belief tha
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What is the customary law on self-d
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await the arrival on scene of an ar
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Reasonable Response This element re
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Summary and Transition Individual s
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Security; Implications of Israel’
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In response to this line of reasoni
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American Society of International L
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Brownlie, “Use of Force,” 231.
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avoided if the focus is put properl
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The danger of conceding to individu
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Fifth, and finally, article 52, par
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12. See Rosalyn Higgins, “The Leg
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CHAPTER 6 OTHER LEGAL ARGUMENTS TO
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conditions necessary for invitation
Page 146 and 147: The action must be taken for a puni
Page 148 and 149: …Yet, essentially for reasons of
Page 150 and 151: The action must be necessitated by
Page 152 and 153: emained so once the operations were
Page 154 and 155: Perhaps the best ease for humanitar
Page 156 and 157: The state contemplating interventio
Page 158 and 159: Many have criticized the modern law
Page 160 and 161: NOTES 1. See J. E. S. Fawcett, ‘I
Page 162 and 163: 27. Bowett writes, ‘‘Reprisals
Page 164 and 165: 49. See Bowett, Self-Defence, 88. 5
Page 166 and 167: An International Journal 7, no. 2 (
Page 168 and 169: This study has considered each of t
Page 170 and 171: Piracy, which is limited to illegal
Page 172 and 173: NOTES 1. Joint Chiefs of Stall, Uni
Page 174 and 175: 3. The action is taken to protect e
Page 176 and 177: Option 4: Collective Anticipatory S
Page 178 and 179: Option 8: Peacetime Reprisal Source
Page 180 and 181: 8. The action is for a limited dura
Page 182 and 183: APPENDIX B UNITED NATIONS CHARTER (
Page 184 and 185: APPENDIX C STATUTE OF THE INTERNATI
Page 186 and 187: Crelinsten, Ronald D., Danielle Lab
Page 188 and 189: Almond, Harry E., Jr. “Using Law
Page 190 and 191: Clark, Roger S. “Humanitarian Int
Page 192 and 193: Harlow, Bruce, Lt Comdr, USN. “Th
Page 194 and 195: Livingstone, Neil C., and Terrell B
Page 198 and 199: ______. “Problems with the Applic
Page 200 and 201: Blum, Yehuda. State Terrorism and t
Page 202 and 203: “European Convention on the Suppr
Page 204 and 205: ______. Arms Control and Disarmamen
Page 206 and 207: ______. “Terrorist Attacks on US
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