Physical and Cultural Weed Control Working Group of - European ...
Physical and Cultural Weed Control Working Group of - European ...
Physical and Cultural Weed Control Working Group of - European ...
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9 th EWRS Workshop on <strong>Physical</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Cultural</strong> <strong>Weed</strong> <strong>Control</strong> 91<br />
Samsun, Turkey, 28 – 30 March 2011<br />
Sustainable turf <strong>and</strong> weed management within a conversion<br />
<strong>of</strong> a cool-season turf to Bermudagrass hybrid<br />
(Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers x transvaalensis Burtt-Davy)<br />
A. Peruzzi, M. Fontanelli, C. Frasconi, N. Grossi, M. Raffaelli, F. Sorelli, M. Volterrani<br />
Dipartimento di Agronomia e Gestione dell’Agroecosistema, Università di Pisa,<br />
Via San Michele degli Scalzi, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy<br />
aperuzzi@agr.unipi.it<br />
Warm-season species are more <strong>and</strong> more replacing the “common” cool-season turfs for sports<br />
<strong>and</strong> recreational uses, in Italy, thanks to the excellent adaptability to the Mediterranean<br />
environment. Turf establishment can be performed in many different ways, like seeding,<br />
stolonizing/sprigging or sodding. An innovative technique <strong>of</strong> planting has been recently patented in<br />
Italy (“Erbavoglio system”). It is based on the quickly ground cover capacity <strong>of</strong> these species by<br />
means <strong>of</strong> stolons <strong>and</strong> rhizomes. “Erbavoglio system” allows to easily convert from a cool-season<br />
turf to a warm season turf. Planting can be performed both in tilled <strong>and</strong> untilled soil. This second<br />
option allows the site to be used immediately after the planting as the better soil carrying capacity is<br />
provided by untilled soil.<br />
Two experimental trials were carried out in 2009 <strong>and</strong> 2010 spring-summer period in order to<br />
test different innovative physical weed control techniques used before <strong>and</strong>/or after warm season<br />
grass planting. The aim <strong>of</strong> the first trial was to evaluate different pre-planting treatments as they<br />
affect the establishment <strong>of</strong> bermudagrass hybrid (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers x transvaalensis Burtt-<br />
Davy.) in untilled soil covered by cool season turf. The treatments were: activated steaming at<br />
different doses, flaming at different LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas) doses <strong>and</strong> two different<br />
conventional herbicide treatments (Glyphosate <strong>and</strong> Glufosinate). The second trial, that is still ongoing,<br />
was to evaluate different pre <strong>and</strong> post planting treatments on the establishment <strong>of</strong><br />
bermudagrass in tilled soil. The treatments were: pre planting activated soil steaming plus post<br />
planting flaming, post planting selective herbicide (Oxadiazon) .<br />
In the first trial weed canopy was asses by digital analysis images technique, with an automated<br />
procedure, originally programmed in MATLAB3, <strong>and</strong> later developed into a web-based s<strong>of</strong>tware<br />
(www.imaging-crops.dk), moreover a visual assessment <strong>of</strong> ground cover was made until complete<br />
bermudagrass establishment was reached.<br />
In the second trial a visual assessment <strong>of</strong> weed ground cover was made <strong>and</strong> weed number per<br />
unit area was counted after bermudagrass planting. On bermudagrass, visual assessment <strong>of</strong> ground<br />
cover was made until complete establishment was reached.<br />
The innovative physical methods seem a promising alternative to chemical ordinary treatment<br />
both for conversion <strong>of</strong> turf (untilled soil) <strong>and</strong> for weed control in tilled soil.<br />
This research was funded by the Ministry <strong>of</strong> Agricultural, Food <strong>and</strong> Forestry Policies <strong>of</strong> Italy.<br />
Project: “Sistemi avanzati per la produzione vivaistica di tappeti erbosi di specie macroterme ad uso<br />
multifunzionale a basso consumo idrico ed energetico”.