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9 th EWRS Workshop on Physical and Cultural Weed Control 38 Samsun, Turkey, 28 – 30 March 2011 Sadeghi HM, Baghestani A, Akbari A and Hejazi A (2003) Evaluation of soybean (Glycine max L.) some weed species growth indices under competition condition. Journal of pests and plant diseases 71, 87-106. Sadeghi HM, Baghestani A, Akbari A and Akbari G (2002) Competitive ability of several weed species with soybean. Journal of plant diseases 38, 83- 94. SAS. (1996) Stoller EW and Woolley HT (1985) Competition for light by broadleaf weeds in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed science 33:199-202. Vengris J, Colby WG and Drake M (1955) Plant nutrient competition between weeds and corn. Agronomy Journal 47, 213-216. Weber CR and Stainforth DE (1966) Competitive relationships in variable weed and soybean stands. Agronomy journal 49, 440-444. Zeinali E and Ehteshami MR (2003) Biology and control of important weed species. Gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources. Gorgan, iran, Pp, 412-418.
9 th EWRS Workshop on Physical and Cultural Weed Control 39 Samsun, Turkey, 28 – 30 March 2011 Stale seedbed techniques for corn production in Samsun - Turkey Doğan Işik 1 , Mahmut Dok 1 , Hüsrev Mennan 2 , Emine Kaya-Altop 2 1 Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute, Gelemen Samsun- Turkey 2 Ondokuz Mayıs University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Plant Protection, Samsun, Turkey zorludogan@hotmail.com Corn (Zea mays L.) is an important crop for northern Turkey. Turkey corn production has increased during the past 10 years to 550,000 ha areas in 2007. Weed interference is a major constraint to corn production in Turkey, as in many other countries. Worldwide yield losses in maize due to weeds are estimated to be around 37%; therefore, weed control plays an important role in maize production. Weed control in maize is carried out mainly by mechanical and chemical methods, but herbicide use is increasing, along with increases in growing areas and production costs. Soil tillage and seedbed preparation, as well as the use of soil herbicides are applied for weed control in corn before sowing. In the recent studies, it was reported that weed populations could be reduced by utilizing stale seedbed preparation to provide a less competitive environment during earlier growth stages. The main purpose of this system is to stimulate weed emergence before crop sowing by means of early soil tillage (from several days or weeks prior to sowing) and killing weeds by secondary tillage during seedbed preparation and/or by using broad spectrum herbicides. A variety of techniques may be used to form a stale seedbed. The aim of the research described in this paper was to investigate the effects of different stale seedbed strategies on the weed density in corn, comparing different treatments and controls without stale seedbeds. Field experiments were conducted in 2010 at the Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute Experiment Station, in the Northern region of Turkey. The plots were established on a clay loam soil with pH 6.9, 0.08% total salt, 0.3% lime, and 2.9% organic matter content. Average monthly precipitation (mm) and temperature (C) during the experiment were collected from Çarşamba airport located about 5 km from the experimental site. Soil preparation was conducted according to local practices for corn production. Main soil tillage at the experimental fields was carried out in early April to allow weed emergence before sowing. Weeds emerging after stale seedbed preparations were either controlled chemically or mechanically. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Each plot was 2,8 m wide, 5 m long, and consisted of four corn rows. The middle two rows of each plot were used for data collection. Data derived from experiment showed that stale seed bed preparation techniques could be used for weed control in corn production in Turkey. As a stale seed bad preparation technique for weed control; the best results were obtained from the glyphosate application after 5 days after sowing. Result also displayed that a combination of stale seedbed technique with mechanical treatment can be considered an effective alternative weed control system to reduce weeds by up to 90% during the critical period. This would reduce the intensity, costs and negative environmental impact of chemical treatments.
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