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9 th EWRS Workshop on Physical and Cultural Weed Control 58 Samsun, Turkey, 28 – 30 March 2011 The critical period for weed control in red pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Nihat Tursun1 1 , Irfan Ersin Akinci 2 , Ahmet Uludag 3 , Zuleyha Pamukoglu 1 , Doğan Gozcu 4 1 KSU. Agricultural Faculty, Plant Production, Kahramanmaras, Turkey 2 KSU. Agricultural Faculty, Horticulture, Kahramanmaras, Turkey 3 IU. Agricultural Faculty, Plant Production, Igdir, Turkey 4 Agricultural Research Institute, Kahramanmaras, Turkey Field studies were conducted in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, in 2008 and 2009. Weeds are a major constraint in red pepper production. Understanding the critical period for weed control (CPWC) can be a tool for effective weed control and reducing the impacts of weeds. The critical period for weed control in red pepper based on a 2.5%, 5% and 10% acceptable yield loss level was calculated by fitting logistic and Gompertz equations to relative yield data. The critical period for weed control in red pepper was determined to be from 0 to 1087 growing degree days (GDD) in 2008 and from 109 to 796 GDD in 2009 for 10% yield loss after emergence in red pepper; for 2.5-5% yield loss, the critical period starts with germination and lasts longer. Preemergence (PRE) or presowing (PPI) herbicides would be preferred to avoid higher yield losses. If a farmer can tolerate 10% yield loss, a postemergence (POST) herbicide can be applied in between beginning of the germination and 1-2 nd week after crop germination, and the field should be kept weed free for corresponds 7 weeks to 7-8 weeks.
9 th EWRS Workshop on Physical and Cultural Weed Control 59 Samsun, Turkey, 28 – 30 March 2011 Allelopathic studies in Çukurova region, Turkey F.N. Uygur Çukurova University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Plant Protection, 01330 Adana,TR Email; nuygur@cu.edu.tr Chemical control is the most common method to manage weeds, but it disturbs the balance of nature, causes environmental pollution and health problems. The increasing consumer awareness and interest for sustainable agriculture and ecological farming systems have necessiated to search alternate methods for weed control. One of these methods is use of allelopathy. Allelopathy is direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effects of one plant on another through the production of chemical compounds that escape into the environment. Many allelochemicals suspected of causing germination and growth inhibition have been idendified (such as phenolic acids, coumarins, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, glucosinolates, isothiocyanate) from plant tissues. Taking advantage of this feature, we did some researches using allelopathic plants or products made from them for controlling weeds. The Brassicaceae family is important for allelopathic potential, as its members produce allelopathic substances. The genus Raphanus is a member of Brassicaceae family. The allelopathic effects of Raphanus sativus succesfully controls the Sorghum halepense in cotton fields from Çukurova. The influence of aqueous extracts of R. sativus were determined on seed germination, seedling and rhizome growth of some weeds and crops. Some of our additional studies; -Allelopathic and bioherbicidal effect of the plant parts residues from Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Melia azedarach, Nerium oleander etc. on growth of weeds and crops, -The effect of vinegar and citric acide on weeds, -Effect of mustard and other oils on germination and development of weed species, -The effect of industrial production waste on weed density in perennial crops. When the results were evaluated in general in Cukurova region, the tested plants affect the vegetative and generative development of an important weed species in field conditions and also inhihibited germination of weed seed under laboratory condition. The preparations obtained from allelopathic plants can be used economically against weeds. References UYGUR, F.N., KÖSELİ, F., ÇINAR, A., KOCH, W., 1990. Die allelopathische Wirkung von Raphanus sativus L.. - Z.Pfl.Krankh. Pflaschutz, Sonderh.XII, (1990), 259-264. UYGUR,F.N., İSKENDEROĞLU, N., 1997. Bitki Ekstraktlarının Bazı Yabancı Ot Türlerinin Tohum Çimlenmesine Allelopatik ve Biyoherbisit Etkisi. - Turkish Journal of Agriculture & Botany, Vol. 21, No: 2, 1997, 177-180 DOĞAN, A.,. UYGUR, F.N., 2006. Effects of Raphanus sativus L. extract on weeds and crops. Allelopathy Journal, 17 (2): 273-278
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