Physical and Cultural Weed Control Working Group of - European ...

9 th EWRS Workshop on Physical and Cultural Weed Control 60
Samsun, Turkey, 28 – 30 March 2011
Allelopathic Effects of
Juglans nigra L. and Datura stramonium L.
on Cyperus rotundus L. and Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.
Ayşe Yazlik 1 and Mine Ruşen 1
1 Atatürk Horticulture Central Research Institute, Plant Protection Departments, Yalova –
TÜRKİYE ayseyazlik77@hotmail.com
Abstract
The allelopathic potential of dried leaves of walnut (Juglans nigra L.) and jimsonweed (Datura
stramonium L.) on germination and growth of Cyperus rotundus L. (purple nutsedge) and Cynodon
dactylon L. Pers. (bermuda grass) were studied Walnut leaves were collected from young leaves.
The other allelopathic material jimsonweed leaves were collected in the period of blooming in the
morning hours. The leaves were dried at 25 0 C after than grounded. These extracts were added into
soil with four different doses (5, 10, 20, 40 g/pot). The experiments were evaluated after 25 days.
Both walnut and jimsonweed dry extratct had negative effects on growing of the purple nudsedge
and bermuda grass. The highest effect was obtained from the rate of 40 g/pot. Bermuda grass and
purple nutsedge dry weight was affected from walnut extracts by 76% and 74 respectively. There is
a possibility to use walnut and jimsonweed plants as ann natural allelochemicals for the
management of these perennial weeds.
Introduction
Allelopathy is a natural phenomenon that refers to direct or indirect positive or negative effect
of one plant (including the microbes) on another through the release of chemical compounds into
the environment. (Rice,1984; Delabays et. al., 2004). According to Putnam(1988), chemicals with
allelopathic potential are present (commonly in conjugated form) in almost all plants and in many
diffrent tissues, such as leaves, stems, flowers, fruits, seeds and roots. These chemicals are released
into the environment (atmosphere or rhizosphere) by means of volatilization, leaching,
decomposition of residues, and root exudation under specific conditions (Chou, 1990). Information
on the chemical nature and mode of action of allelochemicals is expanding (Dayan et al., 2000;
Inderjit and Duke, 2003; Marcías et al., 2004). An equally promising way to use allelopathy in weed
control is using extracts of allelopathic plants as natural herbicides (Dayan, 2002). The most
practical and immediate way to use allelopathy in weed control is to use allelopathic cover crops in
rotations, or apply residues of allelopathic weeds or crops as mulches (Rice, 1984, Arslan, 2006).
For instance; Six Brassicaceae crops were investigated under laboratory and field conditions for
allelopathic potential of their residues to control johnsongrass. In both conditions all species
suppressed johnsongrass and followed similar pattern. It has been shown that Brassicaceae crops,
which are grown in Turkey, can be used as rotational crops in cropping systems to reduce
johnsongrass infestation (Üremiş et. al. 2009).
The aim of this study were to found allelopathic effect of dry leaves of J. nigra and D.
stramonium on germination and growth of C. rotundus L. and C. dactylon (L.) Pers.
Materials and methods
Walnut young leaves were collected in the morning hours. Jimsonweed leaves were collected in
the period of blooming in the morning hours. The collected plants were air-dried for 15 days in dark
condition at room temperature (25 ±4°C). Then, dry leaves were grounded by fine cut (FC).
Experiments were established as a pot experiment. The pots diameter were 14 cm. Grounded