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9 th EWRS Workshop on Physical and Cultural Weed Control 28 Samsun, Turkey, 28 – 30 March 2011 increases in the concentration of nitrogen only 6 percent increase in performance was sesame seeds (Mujaya & Yerokun, 2003). Weed management of essential factors for success in agriculture is a production system. Weed Control in Sesame cultivation is important. Weed species that cause interference are the sesame, summer weeds are Velvet leaf one of them. Weeds not only to absorb water, light and food are competitive, but also create problems at harvest and reduce product quality (Ogg & Rogers, 1989). Bennett (1993) reached the conclusion that the early growth period Sesame (4 weeks) because the seedlings grow little competitiveness. Zeinali and Ehteshami (2003) also observed that the densities of three and 12 plants m −2 Velvet leaf on 37 and 72 percent respectively soybean losses occur. Therefore, identifying the amount of damages weed management practices and requires less consumption of chemicals and herbicides, which many environmental problems is to follow, becomes less. The purpose of this study the effect of row spacing and density of nitrogen Velvet leaf on vegetative components and performance is sesame. Materials and methods: The survey in 2009 on a farm located in the city Motahari Company Golestan was Ramian. Split-plot factorial experiment design based on completely randomized blocks with four replications was performed. Two levels of 50 and 100 kg N ha −1 and the distance between two rows of sesame 40 and 60 cm for the factorial plots combined and formed the original test. Four densities 0, 4, 8 and 12 plants per square meter as Velvet leaf factor was considered minor. Velvet leaf plants between rows of sesame were planted simultaneously with it. Before the plant cultivation, preparation of soil samples based on soil test results, including the base rate of 85 kilograms of fertilizer per hectare of P205 sources triple superphosphate were used. Nitrogen levels tested as a third base prior to planting, flowering, and a third in one-third at the start of grain filling was used. After plowing the soil by doing a disk plow and fertilizer spraying operations were based. Intervals in rows 40 and 60 cm sesame seeds, is the number of rows of plants, respectively 15 and 10 cm intervals so that the number of operating plants constant per unit area equivalent to 16.6 plants per square meter is. The first watering plants before planting and watering was done by the next turn with a time of nitrogen fertilizer was done. During the growing season weeds in all plots except the weed is Velvet leaf were hand-weeding. Maturity in 10 ground sesame, were taken by observing the sidelines and vegetative traits, yield components and grain yield were measured. Harvest index of dry matter into grain dry matter of shoots was calculated at physiological maturity. Oil samples using soxhlet apparatus and in the laboratory sector reform and plant seeds of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Golestan Province was measured. Finally, data obtained by statistical software SAS (1996, SAS) were analyzed and averages data for different traits using LSD test at the 5 percent level were compared. Results and discussion: Final Height: The results showed that treatment 100 kg N ha −1 Sesame positive effect on final height was increased to 13 percent of Sesame height than 50 kg treatment was ha. Mean final height in the treated sesame 50 and 100 kg of pure nitrogen, respectively 101 and 116 cm respectively (Table). Sesame could possibly Cody maximum efficiency of resources to increase the final height to use. David et al. (2000), Noora et al. (2009) and paparimoghaddamfard (2000) Effect of nitrogen fertilizer showed quite significant final height sesame. 40 cm row spacing to increase the final height of 6 percent compared to the distance Sesame row was 60 cm. Mean final height in the treated sesame 40 and 60 cm between rows, respectively 112 and 105 cm respectively (Table). 40 cm between rows, between plants on rows higher than row
9 th EWRS Workshop on Physical and Cultural Weed Control 29 Samsun, Turkey, 28 – 30 March 2011 spacing was 60 cm. It seems that this issue has led to better conditions in the canopy created every plant and plant height and leaf area index Sesame significantly increased. Be reminded that the gap in the line of sesame plants between rows 40 and 60 cm respectively were 15 and 10 cm. Different densities Velvet leaf Sesame negative effect on final height and final height of sesame caused by increasing density to 12 plants m −2 Velvet leaf rate of 9 percent compared to the control, was reduced. Mean final height in treatments 0, 4, 8 and 12 plants m −2 respectively 112, 111, 108 and 102 cm respectively (Table). Seem to affect final height Sesame competition between species, and been a member of The availability of resources reduced the height of primary products and been impressed dropped. Mousavi and Bararpoor (1998) in the densities of different experimental Velvet leaf have done with cotton showed that there even a weed Velvet leaf m long row at a reduced rate of plant height 22.7 percent over the control was no competition . Abdollahi and Bararpoor (2006) also showed that the density effect on growth of soybean cultivar Williams Velvet leaf density 0.25 m row Velvet leaf plant height, soybean 14.5 percent compared with weed-free treatment reduced. Mousavi (2001) reported that Velvet leaf absorb nutrients from the soil has a greater capacity than is cotton. Velvet leaf height due to the addition of water and food for the cotton they are in competition are competing over the light. Aguyoh and Masiunas (1992) showed a rapid increase in height of an important competitive advantage as compared to other species are. LAI: 40 cm row spacing increased about 11 percent compared to 60 cm row spacing on leaf area index was sesame. Sesame average LAI in treatments 40 and 60 cm between rows, respectively in 1.01 and 0.90 respectively (Table). Therefore, keeping constant density and decreasing the distance between the rows between the rows consequently increased, increasing LAI was. Vegetative phase appears on Sesame 40 cm row spacing and growth rate is better. Morrison et al. (1990) stated that in this case between rows of plants were planted less, the amount of dry matter per unit area and length of their growing larger and thus had greater LAI. Treatment 50 kg ha −1 nitrogen increased 16 percent compared to LAI Sesame treatment 100 N kg ha −1 was. Sesame average LAI in treatments 50 and 100 kg of pure nitrogen, respectively in 1.04 and 0.87 respectively (Table). The results showed increasing N increased LAI was sesame. Appears to reduce the effect of sesame leaf nitrogen fertilizer application because, very high impact on increased nitrogen fertilizer use more leaf area is Velvet leaf the next episode will be referred to. Okafor and Datta (1976) also found that increased nitrogen in rice is more in favor Cyperus rotundus and reduced leaf area index is rice. Control treatment without Velvet leaf sesame leaf area index was significantly increased 12 plants m −2 Velvet leaf, sesame leaf area index less than 53 percent without Velvet leaf control treatment were recorded. Sesame average LAI in treatments 4, 8 and 12 plants m −2 respectively 1.51, 0.88, 0.72 and 0.71 respectively (Table). Probably by increasing competition between species density Velvet leaf stronger and one of the factors in this competition, increasing weed leaf area index compared to sesame has been able maximum efficiency of light sources to increase LAI to create and decreases LAI is sesame. Sadeghi et al. (2002 & 2003) also found that leaf area index greater impact on weed dry weight loss products and therefore have more competitive power will be more soybeans. Probably by increasing plant population density of the final leaf area index per unit area increased. Sesame branch number: 100 kg N treated ha increased 15 percent from the branch number 3.69 numbers in treatment 50 kg N ha −1 to 36 quarters were branch number (Table). Number of branches, one of the important performance characteristics are increasing nitrogen has shown a positive response. paparimoghaddamfard (2000) reported nitrogen fertilizer quite significant impact on crop characteristics such as number of branches per plant is sesame. 60 cm row distance rate of about 13.5 percent to 40 cm row spacing on number of branches increase in effect. Average number of treatments in the branches 40 and 60 cm between rows, respectively 3.73 and 4.32 was the number (Table). Crop apparently more willing to increase the number of branches in the space between rows was created. Kim and Moody (1980) and Alhani (2006) showed that increasing density reduced the number of secondary branches.
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