Physical and Cultural Weed Control Working Group of - European ...

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9 th EWRS Workshop on Physical and Cultural Weed Control 10 Samsun, Turkey, 28 – 30 March 2011 State-of-art methods in mechanical weed management L. Radics, Z. Szalai, I. Gál, I. Vörös, L. Csambalik Corvinus University Budapest, Dept. of Ecological and Sustainable Production Systems, 1118 Budapest, Villányi út 29-43., Budapest, Hungary, Email: laszlo.radics@uni-corvinus.hu The aim of this paper is to introduce two strong initiatives as examples how novel technologies can serve the education of weed sciences. New learning methods have reached significant importance in education in the last decade. Application of novel technologies is a great challenge and opportunity as well for universities to follow the direction where education develops. Green Plant Protection (GPP) will provide an easy access to all key issues of plant protection in organic agriculture using web platform designed for standard (www.greenplantprotection.eu) and mobile version (m.greenplantprotection.eu). Internet is the key media of modules designed for eLearning and mLearning environment and the content can easily be upgraded. Training material is prepared in Slovakian, Hungarian, Italian and English languages. Users will access the on-line learning resources after the registration on the web site. The project will provide useful information for developing environmentally safe agricultural technologies heading to sustainable development that is one of the top priorities of European Union. GPP is dealing with animal pests, plant pathogens and weeds in cropland. A concise description in table format with hyperlinks to pictures and photos helps the users to identify the problematic weed first, then familiarize with the damage the weeds cause and the possible control methods. The project and its deliverables will offer additional career development training for users, and the practical implications of the project could significantly contribute to a reduction in the use of pesticides in agriculture. CerOrganic is a two year Leonardo da Vinci Multilateral Project financed by the European Commission that aims to develop and test a quality assurance procedure for the vocational education/training of agricultural advisors/trainers in Organic Agriculture, based on the European Quality Assurance Reference Framework (EQARF). In the CerOrganic Training of Trainers Summer School academic lectures (presentations) and practical sessions (hands-on e-learning material, field visits) on principles, methods and practices in Organic Agriculture will be discussed. As for agro-ecological weed management, which is going to be an integrated component of the 7-day course, the task is to discuss the most important questions: how we can solve weed control by agro-ecological weed management.
9 th EWRS Workshop on Physical and Cultural Weed Control 11 Samsun, Turkey, 28 – 30 March 2011 Less intra-row weeds - experiences with a punch planter and a cycloid hoe based on GPS J. Rasmussen 1 , C.B. Henriksen 1 & H.W Griepentrog 2 1 Department of Agriculture and Ecology, LIFE, University of Copenhagen, Denmark 2 Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Gernany Experiences with a punch planter and an intelligent rotary tine weeder are summarized. The objectives were to investigate (1) to what extent punch planting and pre-emergence flame weeding can reduce intra-row weed emergence in direct sown crops like onion, carrot and sugar beet, (2) to what extent an intelligent intra-row weeder, a cycloid hoe based on RTK-GPS technology, can control intra-row weeds without damaging the crop in direct sown crops, (3) and to what extent there exists synergy between punch planting with pre-emergence flame weeding and mechanical intra-row weeding. In punch planting, holes are punched into the ground and seeds are inserted into them, with minimum soil disturbance outside the holes. This is expected to reduce weed emergence due to lack of soil disturbance as compared to normal sowing. Weeds that emerge before crop emergence are controlled by pre-emergence flaming. The cycloid hoe unit consists of eight sigmoid-shaped tines that are placed in a circle around an axis. When the axis turns around and the implement moves along the rows, the tines describe a cycloidal path. The tines can be released to allow individual tine rotation to avoid collision with the crop plants. The implement works on the basis of RTK-GPS crop maps. Experiments show that there are potentials in punch planting in slow germinating row crops in terms of reduced weed emergence. Punch planting with pre-emergence flame weeding reduced the average intra-row weed density by about one third in onion and carrot but there was no effect in sugar beet as compared to normal sown plots with flame weeding. However, the experiments also show that the prototype of the punch planter needs innovation in order to make use of the full potential of the punch planting principle. Earlier experiments with punch planting carried out by hand showed significantly better results (Rasmussen, 2003) The cycloid hoe showed unexpected poor results, which challenges our understanding of cropweed selectivity of intelligent tine cultivators. There were no positive interactions between punch planting and the success of mechanical intra-row weed control even though weeds were smaller in the punch planted plots. Results will be published soon (Rasmussen et al. 2011a; 2011b). References Rasmussen J (2003) Punch planting, flame weeding and stale seedbed for weed control in row crops. Weed Research 43, 393-403. Rasmussen J, Griepentrog HW, Henriksen CB & Nielsen J (2011a) Test of an automated intelligent intra-row weeder (cycloid hoe) and an alternative sowing technique (punch planting) to improve the selectivity of mechanical intrarow weed control (submitted). Rasmussen J, Henriksen CB, Griepentrog HW & Nielsen J (2011b) Punch planting, flame weeding and delayed sowing to reduce intra-row weeds in row crops (submitted).
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