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Consistent with M-RETS operating procedures, RECs must remain "whole" and may not be disaggregated into separate environmental commodities (e.g., carbon emission credits) The PUC declined to issue a directive ascribing ownership of RECs where ownership is not addressed in power purchase agreements (PPAs), instead requiring utilities to pursue negotiations and settlements with the owners of generation units. This docket remains open to address issues not covered during the first phase of rulemaking, as well as future implementation issues that may arise due to changes in national, state, or M-RETS policies and protocols. Utilities are required to file annual compliance reports with the PUC detailing their retail sales, REC retirements, and REC trading activities. If the PUC finds a utility is noncompliant, the commission may order the utility to construct facilities, purchase eligible renewable electricity, purchase RECs or engage in other activities to achieve compliance. If a utility fails to comply, the PUC may impose a financial penalty on the utility in an amount not to exceed the estimated cost of achieving compliance. The penalty may not exceed the lesser of the cost of constructing facilities or purchasing credits and proceeds must be deposited into a special account reserved for energy and conservation improvements. The PUC is authorized to modify or delay the implementation of the standards if the commission determines it is in the public interest to do so. *Other electric utilities that must comply with Minnesota's RPS are: public utilities providing electric service, generation and transmission cooperative electric associations, municipal power agencies, and power districts operating in the state. Community-Based Energy Development (C-BED) Under the Community-Based Energy Development (C-BED) Tariff, each public utility in Minnesota is required to file with the state Public Utilities Commission (PUC) to create a 20-year power purchase agreement (PPA) for community-owned renewable energy projects. The original legislation was enacted in 2005 but has been amended several times since then. Utilities were required to submit revised tariffs for the 2007 amendments by December 1, 2007. Municipal and cooperative utilities must file a tariff 90 days after the first PUC order approval of a tariff for a public utility. The tariff rate must be higher in the first ten years of the agreement than the last ten years. The intent of this structure is to provide renewable energy projects with better cash flow during the first ten years. This makes it easier to achieve financing and pay project debt. The lower rate in the second half of the project ensures declining power costs for the utility and ratepayers over the 20 year term of the contracts. 29
Under the original C-BED legislation, the tariff rate was capped at a net present value of 2.7 cents per kilowatt hour calculated over the life of the PPA (using the relevant utility’s normal discount rate). This cap was eliminated in 2007. An additional 2008 amendment allows Minnesota political subdivisions and local governments to participate in C-BED projects in a variety of ways -- including outright ownership -- but prohibits them from acquiring property for such projects through eminent domain. C-BED tariffs can be used to satisfy the state's Renewable Energy Standard. Utilities are required to consider C-BED projects, but they are not required to sign C-BED contracts. In order for a project to be considered community-based and eligible for C-BED tariffs: 51% of the revenues from the power purchase agreement must flow to Minnesota-based owners and other local entities No single wind project investor can own more than 15 percent of a project consisting of two or more wind turbine, except for local governments which may be the sole owners of community-based projects. All owners of property traversed by transmission lines serving the project must be given the opportunity to invest In November 2005 Governor Pawlenty established a goal of developing an additional 800 MW of community-owned wind projects by 2010. This is in addition to the roughly 200 MW which already existed at that time and which resulted to a large degree from the MN Renewable Energy Production Incentive (now closed to new wind applicants). As of September 2008, a total of 115.7 MW of C-BED projects had been completed, with an additional 27 MW under contract and 573 MW in negotiations. NEBRASKA Wind Laws Nebraska's solar easement provisions allow property owners to create binding solar easements for the purpose of protecting and maintaining proper access to sunlight. The solar access laws were revised in March 1997 (Bill 140) to include wind. Counties and municipalities are permitted to develop zoning regulations, ordinances, or development plans that protect access to solar and wind energy resources if they choose to do so. Local governing bodies may also grant zoning variances to solar and wind energy systems that would be restricted under existing regulations, so long as the variance is not substantially detrimental to the public good. 30
Page 2 and 3: A. Inhaltsverzeichnis A. Inhaltsver
Page 4 and 5: D. Studie 1.0 Marktstudie & Analyse
Page 6 and 7: Abbildung 2: Existierende Windkraft
Page 8 and 9: Abbildung 3: US-Windenergiekapazit
Page 10 and 11: Wachstum und Tendenzen Erneuerbare
Page 12 and 13: Abbildung 8 veranschaulicht die erw
Page 14 and 15: Internationale Standards werden nun
Page 16 and 17: Leistungsumfang - Dieser Standard b
Page 18 and 19: WG 9 Certification Standard Leistun
Page 20 and 21: Schlussendlich können Verbraucher
Page 22 and 23: e applied to applications at each l
Page 24 and 25: pay for the costs of installing nec
Page 26 and 27: 105 MW between the two utilities ba
Page 28 and 29: sales of electricity minus the annu
Page 32 and 33: NORTH DAKOTA Net Metering Adopted i
Page 34 and 35: 49-34A-94 et seq., but it has not y
Page 36 and 37: Category 1: 20 (kilowatts) kW or le
Page 38 and 39: achieved, the PSC must indicate why
Page 40 and 41: Jedoch ist anzumerken, dass die ein
Page 42 and 43: das General Depreciation System (GD
Page 44 and 45: and produce electricity solely for
Page 46 and 47: Minnesota also issues a payment of
Page 48 and 49: If the amount of the credit exceeds
Page 50 and 51: Commercial wind facilities smaller
Page 52 and 53: Westen. Eine Auflistung aller im Ba
Page 54 and 55: Geplante Anlagen: Name Location Pow
Page 56 and 57: WISCONSIN Power Capacity - Existing
Page 58 and 59: Erfolg vorhanden sein sollte, kurzf
Page 60 and 61: ichtige Anlaufstellen zu kontaktier
Page 62 and 63: Schwächen des amerikanischen Markt
Page 64 and 65: Abbildung 11: Windturbinenherstelle
Page 66: E. Anhang Anhang A Förderprogramme

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