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Relational operators 212 • Addition and subtraction, from left to right Date arithmetic expressions Date arithmetic expressions compute the difference between date-time expressions in terms of days or milliseconds. SQL supports these forms of date arithmetic: • Addition and subtraction of integers to and from date-time expressions • Subtraction of one date-time expression from another Syntax date_time_expr { + | - } int_expr | date_time_expr - date_time_expr date_time_expr int_expr Returns a value of type DATE or TIME or TIMESTAMP. A single date-time expression cannot mix data types, however. All elements of the expression must be the same data type. Date-time expressions can contain date-time literals, but they must be converted to DATE or TIME using the CAST, CONVERT, or TO_DATE functions. Returns an integer value. SQL interprets the integer differently depending on the data type of the date-time expression: • For DATE expressions, integers represent days • For TIME expressions, integers represent milliseconds • For TIMESTAMP expressions, integers represent milliseconds Examples The following example manipulates DATE values using date arithmetic. SQL interprets integers as days and returns date differences in units of days: SELECT C1, C2, C1-C2 FROM DTEST c1 c2 c1-c2 --------------------------------------- 1956-05-07 1952-09-29 1316 select sysdate, sysdate - 3 , sysdate - cast ('9/29/52' as date) from dtest; sysdate sysdate-3 sysdate-convert(date,9/29/52) ---------------------------------------------------------- 1995-03-24 1995-03-21 15516 The following example manipulates TIME values using date arithmetic. SQL interprets integers as milliseconds and returns time differences in milliseconds:
select systime, systime - 3000, systime - cast ('15:28:01' as time) from dtest; systime systime-3000 systime-convert(time,15:28:01) ---------------------------------------------------------- 15:28:09 15:28:06 8000 Relational operators 213
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PROGRESS® 10 OPENEDGE® OpenEdge®
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Contents OpenEdge SQL Statements .
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Tables Contents Table 1: OpenEdge S
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Figures Contents Figure 1: ROUND di
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Preface This Preface contains the f
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OpenEdge SQL Reserved Words Preface
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Examples of syntax diagrams (SQL) T
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Preface The Apache Software Foundat
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Preface OpenEdge includes Imaging T
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Preface Advanced Internet Developme
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SQL Reference OpenEdge SQL Statemen
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ALTER DATABASE SET PRO_ENABLE_64BIT
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ALTER TABLE ALTER TABLE Syntax 4 Th
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ALTER USER ALTER USER Syntax 6 Once
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AUDIT SET AUDIT SET Syntax Examples
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Column constraints Syntax 10 CONSTR
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COMMIT COMMIT Syntax 12 Commits a t
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CREATE INDEX Syntax 14 CREATE [ UNI
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CREATE PROCEDURE Syntax 16 CREATE P
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CREATE SEQUENCE 18 schema_name Spec
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CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE Syntax 20
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CREATE TABLE 22 progress_column_att
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CREATE TRIGGER 24 Authorization CRE
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CREATE TRIGGER 26 FOR EACH ROW mean
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CREATE VIEW Notes • You are stron
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DELETE DELETE Syntax 30 Authorizati
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DROP PROCEDURE DROP PROCEDURE Synta
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DROP TRIGGER Notes • If owner_nam
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GRANT GRANT Syntax 36 Authorization
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GRANT 38 SELECT INSERT DELETE INDEX
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LOCK TABLE LOCK TABLE Syntax 40 Aut
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REVOKE REVOKE Syntax 42 Related sta
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ROLLBACK 44 If more than one user g
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SELECT Syntax 46 GROUP BY grouping_
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SELECT 48 -- Illustrate optional 'c
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SELECT Syntax 50 FROM clause Specif
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SELECT Syntax 52 WHERE clause Speci
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SELECT Syntax 54 HAVING clause Allo
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SET CATALOG Example Syntax 56 The d
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SET PRO_CONNECT QUERY_TIMEOUT 58 QU
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SET PRO_SERVER LOG SET PRO_SERVER L
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SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL 62
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SHOW ENCRYPT ON 64 Authorization An
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Table constraints 66 • DELETE and
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UPDATE UPDATE Syntax 68 Updates the
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UPDATE STATISTICS 70 UPDATE STATIST
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UPDATE STATISTICS 72
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ABS ABS Syntax 74 Scalar functions
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ASCII ASCII Syntax 76 • If any of
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ATAN2 78 ATAN takes the ratio (expr
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CASE CASE Syntax 80 • The argumen
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CAST 82 The following example shows
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CHAR CHAR Syntax 84 Returns a chara
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CONVERT (ODBC compatible) Syntax Ex
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COUNT Notes • COS takes an angle
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DATABASE 90 schema sequence Specifi
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DAYOFWEEK Notes • The date_expres
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DECODE DECODE Syntax 94 Compares th
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GREATEST GREATEST Syntax 96 Compati
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INSERT Notes • The char_expressio
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LAST_DAY LAST_DAY Syntax 100 Return
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LENGTH Notes • string_exp can be
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LPAD Syntax Example This example il
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MIN Notes • Specifying DISTINCT h
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MONTHNAME MONTHNAME Syntax 108 •
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NOW Syntax 110 schema sequence Spec
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PI Notes • The NVL function is no
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PRO_ARR_DESCAPE function Note Each
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QUARTER Syntax 116 array_style_expr
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REPEAT Note expression must be an I
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ROUND ROUND Syntax 120 • string_e
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RPAD Note The ROWID function return
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SIGN Notes • The argument to the
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SUBSTR Notes • The first argument
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SUFFIX SUFFIX Syntax 128 - Bigger t
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SYSDATE SYSDATE Syntax 130 Returns
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TO_CHAR TO_CHAR Syntax 132 • expr
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TO_TIMESTAMP Notes • The result i
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UPPER UPPER Syntax 136 • The resu
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YEAR Notes • The argument to the
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OpenEdge SQL reserved words 140 Tab
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OpenEdge SQL reserved words 142 Tab
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Error codes, SQLSTATE values, and m
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Page 214 and 215: Date formats Example Date formats 1
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Page 218 and 219: Data types 196 CHARACTER [ ( length
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Page 226 and 227: Literals Example The numeric string
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Throws DhSQLException Example This
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SQLPStatement CREATE PROCEDURE sps_
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Example This code fragment illustra
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Supported data types JDBC Conforman
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Supported data types Table 61: Mapp
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Return values for DatabaseMetaData
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getIdentifierQuoteString () What is
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ODBC Reference OpenEdge SQL and ODB
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OpenEdge SQL and ODBC Data Types 28
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SQLGetInfo 290 Table 65: Informatio
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SQLGetInfo 308
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ODBC Scalar Functions 310 • start
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ODBC Scalar Functions 312 • integ
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ODBC Scalar Functions 314 Table 68:
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ODBC Scalar Functions 316
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Embedded SQL In OpenEdge Release 10
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Syntax Example Authorization None R
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password ESQL elements and statemen
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Syntax Syntax DESCRIBE ESQL element
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Syntax ESQL elements and statements
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ESQL elements and statements /* **
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Example statement_name Name of the
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Example ESQL elements and statement
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DYNAMIC_FUNCTION ESQL elements and
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CONSTRAINT_CATALOG Not currently su
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ESQL elements and statements in Bac
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EXEC SQL Syntax EXEC SQL ::= EXEC S
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OPEN Syntax PREPARE SET CONNECTION
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Index A ABS function 74 ACOS functi
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DhSQLResultSet.set 250 DISCONNECT C
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PREPARE statement 339 PRO_ARR_ESCAP
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W WEEK function 137 WHENEVER statem
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