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ESQL elements and statements Syntax Example 320 BEGIN-END DECLARE SECTION Declares variables and types used by the precompiler. Any variables you refer to in an embedded SQL statement must be declared in a DECLARE SECTION. This section starts with a BEGIN DECLARE SECTION statement and ends with an END DECLARE SECTION statement. Each variable must be declared as a host language data type. EXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION host_lang_type variable_name ; . . . EXEC SQL END DECLARE SECTION host_lang_type variable_name ; A conventional C Language variable declaration. This form of variable declaration conforms to the ANSI standard for the C Language. Syntax { char | short | long | float | double } EXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION ; short InvTransNum_v ; short Qty_v ; short OrderNum_v ; EXEC SQL END DECLARE SECTION ; Notes • The C Language type int is not supported by ESQL. Type int maps to 16 or 32 bits, depending on the machine architecture. This can create rounding errors at run time, as values are passed across different machine architectures. • Variables you declare in a BEGIN-END DECLARE SECTION can be used in C Language statements as if they are declared outside the DECLARE SECTION. • The scope of variables follows host language scoping rules. The ESQL variables are not visible outside the file in which they are declared. DECLARE sections are permissible only where host language declarations are permissible in the host language syntax. This restriction is due to how DECLARE SECTION blocks are translated into the main body of host language declarations. • Avoid DECLARE sections in header files that are included by more than one source file. This can cause duplicate variables with the same name. • The form of the variable created by ESQL for each type is specified so that it can be manipulated from host language statements. Declaring variables allows you to use the variables in both host language and embedded SQL statements.
Syntax Example Authorization None Related statements CLOSE Static Array Types Closing a cursor changes the state of the cursor from open to closed. EXEC SQL CLOSE cursor_name ; cursor_name ESQL elements and statements An identifier named earlier in a DECLARE CURSOR statement and an OPEN CURSOR statement. EXEC SQL CLOSE dyncur ; EXEC SQL COMMIT WORK ; Notes • Only a cursor in the open state can be set to the closed state. • When a transaction ends, any cursors in the open state are automatically set to the closed state. • When a cursor is in the closed state, you cannot perform FETCH, DELETE, or UPDATE operations using that cursor. • It is good practice to close cursors explicitly. Authorization None Related statements DELETE, OPEN, FETCH, positioned UPDATE, positioned DELETE CONNECT Establishes a connection to a database. Optionally, the CONNECT statement can also specify a name for the connection and a username and password for authentication. 321
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PROGRESS® 10 OPENEDGE® OpenEdge®
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Contents OpenEdge SQL Statements .
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Tables Contents Table 1: OpenEdge S
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Figures Contents Figure 1: ROUND di
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Preface This Preface contains the f
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OpenEdge SQL Reserved Words Preface
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Examples of syntax diagrams (SQL) T
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Preface The Apache Software Foundat
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Preface OpenEdge includes Imaging T
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Preface Advanced Internet Developme
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SQL Reference OpenEdge SQL Statemen
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ALTER DATABASE SET PRO_ENABLE_64BIT
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ALTER TABLE ALTER TABLE Syntax 4 Th
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ALTER USER ALTER USER Syntax 6 Once
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AUDIT SET AUDIT SET Syntax Examples
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Column constraints Syntax 10 CONSTR
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COMMIT COMMIT Syntax 12 Commits a t
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CREATE INDEX Syntax 14 CREATE [ UNI
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CREATE PROCEDURE Syntax 16 CREATE P
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CREATE SEQUENCE 18 schema_name Spec
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CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE Syntax 20
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CREATE TABLE 22 progress_column_att
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CREATE TRIGGER 24 Authorization CRE
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CREATE TRIGGER 26 FOR EACH ROW mean
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CREATE VIEW Notes • You are stron
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DELETE DELETE Syntax 30 Authorizati
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DROP PROCEDURE DROP PROCEDURE Synta
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DROP TRIGGER Notes • If owner_nam
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GRANT GRANT Syntax 36 Authorization
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GRANT 38 SELECT INSERT DELETE INDEX
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LOCK TABLE LOCK TABLE Syntax 40 Aut
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REVOKE REVOKE Syntax 42 Related sta
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ROLLBACK 44 If more than one user g
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SELECT Syntax 46 GROUP BY grouping_
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SELECT 48 -- Illustrate optional 'c
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SELECT Syntax 50 FROM clause Specif
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SELECT Syntax 52 WHERE clause Speci
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SELECT Syntax 54 HAVING clause Allo
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SET CATALOG Example Syntax 56 The d
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SET PRO_CONNECT QUERY_TIMEOUT 58 QU
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SET PRO_SERVER LOG SET PRO_SERVER L
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SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL 62
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SHOW ENCRYPT ON 64 Authorization An
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Table constraints 66 • DELETE and
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UPDATE UPDATE Syntax 68 Updates the
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UPDATE STATISTICS 70 UPDATE STATIST
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UPDATE STATISTICS 72
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ABS ABS Syntax 74 Scalar functions
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ASCII ASCII Syntax 76 • If any of
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ATAN2 78 ATAN takes the ratio (expr
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CASE CASE Syntax 80 • The argumen
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CAST 82 The following example shows
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CHAR CHAR Syntax 84 Returns a chara
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CONVERT (ODBC compatible) Syntax Ex
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COUNT Notes • COS takes an angle
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DATABASE 90 schema sequence Specifi
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DAYOFWEEK Notes • The date_expres
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DECODE DECODE Syntax 94 Compares th
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GREATEST GREATEST Syntax 96 Compati
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INSERT Notes • The char_expressio
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LAST_DAY LAST_DAY Syntax 100 Return
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LENGTH Notes • string_exp can be
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LPAD Syntax Example This example il
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MIN Notes • Specifying DISTINCT h
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MONTHNAME MONTHNAME Syntax 108 •
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NOW Syntax 110 schema sequence Spec
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PI Notes • The NVL function is no
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PRO_ARR_DESCAPE function Note Each
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QUARTER Syntax 116 array_style_expr
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REPEAT Note expression must be an I
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ROUND ROUND Syntax 120 • string_e
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RPAD Note The ROWID function return
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SIGN Notes • The argument to the
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SUBSTR Notes • The first argument
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SUFFIX SUFFIX Syntax 128 - Bigger t
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SYSDATE SYSDATE Syntax 130 Returns
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TO_CHAR TO_CHAR Syntax 132 • expr
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TO_TIMESTAMP Notes • The result i
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UPPER UPPER Syntax 136 • The resu
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YEAR Notes • The argument to the
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OpenEdge SQL reserved words 140 Tab
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OpenEdge SQL reserved words 142 Tab
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Error codes, SQLSTATE values, and m
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OpenEdge SQL system limits 162 Tabl
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Overview of system catalog tables 1
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SYSCOLUMNS SYSCOLUMNS 166 Table 5:
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SYSNCHARSTAT SYSNCHARSTAT SYSCOLAUT
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SYSDATATYPES SYSDATATYPES 170 Table
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SYSFLOATSTAT SYSFLOATSTAT SYSIDXSTA
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SYSPROCBIN SYSPROCBIN SYSPROCCOLUMN
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SYSSEQAUTH SYSSEQAUTH SYSSEQUENCES
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SYSTABLES_FULL SYSTABLES_FULL 178 T
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SYSTIMESTAT SYSTIMESTAT SYSTINYINTS
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SYSTSSTAT SYSTSSTAT SYSTSTZSTAT SYS
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SYS_CHK_CONSTRS SYS_CHK_CONSTRS SYS
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SYS_TBL_CONSTRS 186
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Supported ABL data types and corres
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OpenEdge SQL identifiers 190 Conven
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Date formats Example Date formats 1
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Time formats Time formats 194 A tim
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Data types 196 CHARACTER [ ( length
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Data types 198 REAL Corresponds to
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Data types 200 LVARBINARY ( length
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Data types 202 - You cannot define
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Literals Example The numeric string
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Literals 206 { t 'hh:mi:ss' } A tim
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Relational operators 208 Table 49:
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Relational operators 210 • The st
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Relational operators 212 • Additi
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Relational operators 214
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OpenEdge SQL Elements and Statement
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Scalar functions 232 Table 50: Comp
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Scalar functions 234 Table 50: Comp
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SQL-92 DDL and DML statements 236 T
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Syntax for ABL Attributes 238 Table
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Syntax for ABL Attributes 240 Table
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Java Class Reference This section p
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found Java Class Reference Checks w
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Returns Java Class Reference A stri
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CREATE PROCEDURE get_sal2 () RESULT
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SQLCursor CREATE PROCEDURE get_sal2
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Returns None Parameters None Throws
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Throws DhSQLException Java Class Re
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Parameters f Throws Java Class Refe
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Returns An integer indicating the n
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SQLIStatement CREATE PROCEDURE test
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Throws DhSQLException Example This
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SQLPStatement CREATE PROCEDURE sps_
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Example This code fragment illustra
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Page 332 and 333: ODBC Scalar Functions 310 • start
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Page 341: Embedded SQL In OpenEdge Release 10
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Page 367 and 368: EXEC SQL Syntax EXEC SQL ::= EXEC S
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