Declaration Dr. Thomas H. Pringle - Buffalo Field Campaign

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Appendix 2-3. Allelic dropout (AD) rates reported in our study and for other species with non-pellet form feces (Morin et al. 2001; Parsons 2001: Lucchini et al. 2002; Murphy et al. 2002; Eggert et al. 2003; Fernando et al. 2003; Buchan et al. 2005). AD rate 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Asian elephant Bottlenose dolphin American bison Brown bear Forest elephant Species Wolf African elephant Chimpanzee 30
Chapter 3. Genetic Population Structure in the Greater Yellowstone Bison Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA Analyses Abstract: The Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) populations are crucial for conservation of wild bison (Bison bison). The GYA provides the only place in the United States where the ecology and population genetic structure of free ranging plains bison populations may be observed. There are three locations where breeding groups congregate within YNP during the rut season; Hayden Valley, Lamar Valley, and Mirror Plateau. Bison in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) primarily congregate in Antelope Flats during the rut. Non- invasive sampling and mitochondrial DNA studies were conducted to assess population subdivision. We hypothesized that fidelity to breeding areas would result in genetic differences among GYA breeding groups. Non-invasive fecal samples were collected from bison within the geographic locations of breeding groups during two consecutive rut seasons. We used sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of a 470 bp segment of the bison mtDNA control region to assess population structure. We found substantial differentiation between YNP and GTNP populations (FST = 0.1912, p < 0.001). We also found substantial differences in haplotype frequencies between the Lamar Valley and Hayden Valley breeding groups (FST = 0.3667, p < 0.001). Within Hayden Valley haplotype frequencies were different between two consecutive years (FST = 0. 0536, p < 0.05). However, the genetic differences between the Lamar Valley and Hayden Valley were highly significant for both 2005 and 2006. The relatively 31
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02/14/2011 10:36 5206827080 Summer
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02/14/2011 10:35 5205827080 " PICTU
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02/14/2011 10:35 5205827080 PICTURE
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Below, analysis of complete bison m
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• The mutation rate in mitochondr
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possibility of mitochondrial dysfun
Page 14 and 15: arginine R100 provides an essential
Page 16 and 17: inbreeding, small herd sizes and ge
Page 18 and 19: 42. XB Q, Jianlin H et al. Assessme
Page 20 and 21: Table 3. Bison non-sporadic mitocho
Page 22 and 23: Table 6. A. Phylogenetic conservati
Page 24 and 25: AY748671 ..........................
Page 26 and 27: DEVELOPMENT OF FECAL DNA SAMPLING M
Page 28 and 29: Table of Contents Abstract………
Page 30 and 31: List of Figures 1-1 Map of YNP show
Page 32 and 33: Dedication The work presented withi
Page 34 and 35: Preface Dale Lott grew up on the Na
Page 36 and 37: principles of the historic American
Page 38 and 39: within a possible third location (M
Page 40 and 41: samples. However, repeated genotypi
Page 42 and 43: population structure within YNP bre
Page 44 and 45: The highly differentiated populatio
Page 46 and 47: Figure 1-1. Map of YNP showing loca
Page 48 and 49: INTRODUCTION Wild bison are at risk
Page 50 and 51: sample was extracted twice using th
Page 52 and 53: Fragment analysis was carried out o
Page 54 and 55: visualized, assessed for quality, a
Page 56 and 57: aligned with less than two out of t
Page 58 and 59: ears (Ursus americanus), and brown
Page 60 and 61: Figures: Figure 2-1. Flow diagram s
Page 62 and 63: Table 2-2. Amplification success (A
Page 66 and 67: strong fine scale genetic different
Page 68 and 69: fidelity to breeding areas may be h
Page 70 and 71: RFLP PCR amplification was carried
Page 72 and 73: etween the Lamar Valley and Hayden
Page 74 and 75: and Lamar Valley, in comparison to
Page 76 and 77: The differences in haplotype freque
Page 78 and 79: Figures: Figure 3-1. Approximate lo
Page 80 and 81: Literature Cited Allendorf, F.W., R
Page 82 and 83: Côté, S.D., F. Dallas, F. Marshal
Page 84 and 85: Luikart, G., S. Zundel, D. Rioux, C
Page 86 and 87: Tedford, S. Zimov, and A. Cooper. 2
Page 88 and 89: general approach using mtDNA marker
Page 90 and 91: 2 K.C. Douglas et al. / Mitochondri
Page 93 and 94: mitochondrial genome is 16318-16323
Page 95 and 96: Bison Herd (bHap13 and bHap16), the
Page 97 and 98: spread distribution of bison prior
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Declaration Dr. Thomas H. Pringle - Buffalo Field Campaign

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