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which were initially more slender. The reverse-S pattern of height-diameter ratio adjustment and
the patterns of growth allocation suggest a period of acclimative growth during which the trees
re-equilibrate with post-thinning wind loads. Observing the rate of stem form adjustment could be
useful in diagnosing wind-firmness when scheduling multiple thinning entries in high-density
stands.
411. Mohammed, G.H., K.R. Patel and W.E. Vidaver. 1989. The control of adventitious root
production in tissue-cultured Douglas-fir. Canadian-Journal-of-Forest-Research 19(10): 1322-
1329.
Keywords: nursery operations
reproduction
growth
tree morphology
Abstract: Rooting percentage and root number in tissue-cultured Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga
menziesii) were examined to assess the influence of rooting substrate, the concentrations of
sucrose and boron in the rooting medium, shoot height, and shoot generation. Peat/perlite was a
better substrate than agar, producing 70% compared with 0% rooted shoots, respectively. On
peat/perlite, cell divisions were organized and were associated with tracheid nests, whereas on
agar proliferation was neither organized nor restricted to the nests. An optimum sucrose
concentration of 4% was found for the production of nodular or rooted shoots. At 4% sucrose and
3 mg/litre boric acid, 100% of the shoots rooted, and the mean root number was 11. Rooting
percentage and root number were significantly greater with shoots that were 3 cm tall rather than
2 or 1 cm tall. Shoot responses were more rapid in third and fourth generation shoots, with at least
80% rooted or nodular after 4 weeks, compared with only 36% from the second generation.
412. Moldenke, A.F., R.E. Berry, J.C. Miller, R.G. Kelsey, J.G. Wernz and S. Venkateswaran. 1992.
Carbaryl susceptibility and detoxication enzymes in gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae):
influence of host plant. Journal-of-Economic-Entomology 85(5): 1628-1635.
Keywords: tree/stand protection
stand conditions
Abstract: Toxicity of carbaryl and levels of detoxifying enzymes were determined in larvae
of Lymantria dispar reared from hatching on either white alder (Alnus rhombifolia) or Douglas fir
(Pseudotsuga menziesii). Foliar chemistry was also examined. Larvae were treated topically with
carbaryl 2 days into the 3rd or 5th instar and LD50s were established based on survival 48 h after
treatment. Surviving 3rd-instar larvae were fed on their original diet until death or pupation and
sublethal effects were assessed. Levels of detoxifying enzymes were determined in larvae of the
same age and rearing group. Larvae reared on Douglas fir were significantly more tolerant of
carbaryl. Sublethal effects were found only in larvae fed Douglas fir, in which mortality after 48 h
and time to pupation were significantly greater in treated larvae than in controls. Levels of
detoxification enzymes were generally higher in tissues of larvae raised on Douglas fir, but
significantly higher in only a few instances. Nitrogen and phenolic contents were higher in alder
than in Douglas fir. Terpenes were abundant in Douglas fir foliage but were not detected in alder.
413. Moldenke, A.F., R.E. Berry, J.C. Miller and J.G. Wernz. 1997. Toxicity of acephate to larvae of
gypsy moth as a function of host plant and bioassay method. Entomologia-Experimentalis-et-
Applicata 84(2): 157-163.