Guidelines for Metals and Metalloids in Ambient ... - ARCHIVE: Defra

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Expert Panel on Air Quality Standards Hyperpigmentation Hypersensitivity Hypertension Hypermethylation Hypomethylation Intratracheal Leucocytes Lowest Observed Adverse Effects Level (LOAEL) Lymph Lymphocyte Lymph nodes Messenger RNA (mRNA) Excessive pigmentation. Increased or abnormal sensitivity to compounds which can trigger a specific immune response accompanied by tissue damage. Abnormally high blood pressure. Excessive addition of methyl groups. Insufficient addition of methyl groups. Within the trachea or windpipe. A colourless corpuscle, eg, one of the white bloodcorpuscles, or one of those found in lymph, connective tissue, etc. The lowest level of exposure at which a statistically significant increase in the frequency of an adverse health effect has been observed in a study. A colourless liquid found within the lymphatic system, into which it drains from the spaces between cells. A type of small leucocyte which has a single round nucleus and little or no granulation in the cytoplasm, constitutes about a quarter of the total leucocytes in the blood stream, is found in large numbers in the lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissue, and is a major agent in most immunological processes. A mass of lymphoid tissue, many of which occur at intervals along the lymphatic system. Lymph in the lymphatic vessels flows through the lymph nodes which filter out bacteria and other foreign particles so preventing them from entering the bloodstream and causing infection. Responsible for carrying the genetic code transcribed from DNA to specialised sites within the cell known as ribosomes, where the information is translated into protein composition. 112
Glossary Metalloid Mucocilliary transport Mutagenic Nasopharyngeal No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) Oedema Oncogene Oxidation state Oxidative phosphorylation An element which is intermediate of metals and nonmetals in terms of malleability, ductility, conductivity and lustre. The normal system of removal of particles form the airways of the lung using the combination of microscopic motile protrusions on the surface of airway cells (‘cilia’) and mucous produced by airway glands. Changes the structure of genetic material. Of or relating to the nose and the pharynx jointly, or the nasopharynx, which is the uppermost part of the pharynx, lying above the soft palate and connecting with the nasal cavity. A highest exposure level at which there is no statistically or biologically significant increase in the frequency or severity of adverse effect between the exposed population and its appropriate control; some effects may be produced at this level, but they are not considered adverse, nor precursors to adverse effects. The UK Health and Safety Commission sets occupational exposure limits which are concentrations of substances in the air at or below which occupational exposure is considered to be adequate. Excessive accumulation of fluid in the body tissues. When fluid accumulates in the lung it is known as a pulmonary oedema. A gene whose products may in certain circumstances transform a cell containing them into a tumour cell. A measure of the electron control that an atom has in a compound compared to the atom in the pure state. A metabolic pathway that uses energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). 113
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Department for Environment, Food an
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Department for Environment, Food an
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Contents Contents Terms of Referenc
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3.5 Justification for air quality g
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Terms of Reference The Expert Panel
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Dr Alison Searl BSc, MSc, PhD Insti
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Acknowledgments We thank the follow
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Expert Panel on Air Quality Standar
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Page 78 and 79: Expert Panel on Air Quality Standar
Page 99 and 100: Chapter 5 Chromium 5.1 Background 5
Page 101 and 102: Chromium stations, industry and for
Page 103 and 104: Chromium 245. Occupational exposure
Page 105 and 106: Chromium 5.2.3 Tissue distribution
Page 107 and 108: Chromium occasionally reached level
Page 109 and 110: Chromium 5.3.4.2 Human studies 272.
Page 111 and 112: Chromium 282. The WHO (2000) classi
Page 113 and 114: Chromium 5.5. Justification for air
Page 115 and 116: Chromium 5.6. Recommendation 304. 0
Page 117 and 118: Chromium HSE (2002). EH64 Summary C
Page 119 and 120: Chromium Nethercott, J., Paustenbac
Page 121 and 122: Chromium Von Burg, R. and Liu, D. (
Page 123 and 124: Abbreviations ACGIH American Confer
Page 125 and 126: Glossary Acute toxicity / effects A
Page 127: Glossary Epidemiology Epithelium Fe
Page 131 and 132: Glossary Threshold Limit Values (TL
Page 133 and 134: Appendix 1 Setting air quality stan
Page 135 and 136: Appendix 1 hours per week for a 40
Page 137 and 138: Appendix 1 arrive at a single conce
Page 139: ISBN 978-0-85521-185-1 £10.00 Prod
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