Guidelines for Metals and Metalloids in Ambient ... - ARCHIVE: Defra
Guidelines for Metals and Metalloids in Ambient ... - ARCHIVE: Defra
Guidelines for Metals and Metalloids in Ambient ... - ARCHIVE: Defra
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Contents<br />
Contents<br />
Terms of Reference<br />
Membership of the Panel<br />
Chairman<br />
Members<br />
Observers<br />
Assessors<br />
Secretariat<br />
Acknowledgments<br />
Summary of recommendations<br />
iii<br />
vii<br />
viii<br />
viii<br />
viii<br />
ix<br />
ix<br />
x<br />
xii<br />
xiii<br />
1 Introduction 1<br />
1.1 Background to the report 1<br />
1.2 General issues 2<br />
1.2.1 Approaches to sett<strong>in</strong>g st<strong>and</strong>ards 2<br />
1.2.2 Additional uncerta<strong>in</strong>ties 4<br />
1.2.3 Exposure to multiple pollutants 4<br />
1.2.4 Susceptible <strong>and</strong> vulnerable groups 6<br />
1.2.5 Units of concentration <strong>and</strong> choice of averag<strong>in</strong>g times 7<br />
1.2.6 Development of the report 9<br />
1.3 How the Environment Agencies will use the guidel<strong>in</strong>e values 9<br />
1.4 Introduction to the metals <strong>and</strong> metalloids 11<br />
1.4.1 Physio chemical characteristics 11<br />
1.4.2 Key human health effects <strong>and</strong> their <strong>in</strong>fluence on<br />
safety factors 12<br />
1.4.2.1 Lung cancer 12<br />
1.4.2.2 Irritation/<strong>in</strong>flammation 13<br />
1.4.2.3 Hypersensitivity 14<br />
References 15<br />
iii
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