Physical fitness of elite women's rugby union players over a ...

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LIST OF FIGURES PAGE Figure 1: Map of South African Women’s Club Rugby .......................................................... 15 Figure 2: Mean stature (cm) by position over the three test sessions ....................................... 58 Figure 3: Mean body mass (kg) by position over the three test sessions ................................. 60 Figure 4: Mean sum of seven skinfolds (mm) by position over three testing sessions ............ 61 Figure 5: Mean percentage body fat (%) by position over the three testing sessions .............. 63 Figure 6: Mean sit and reach (cm) by position over the three testing sessions ........................ 64 Figure 7: Mean vertical jump (cm) by position over the three testing sessions ....................... 66 Figure 8: Mean 10m speed (sec) by position over the three test sessions ................................ 67 Figure 9: Mean 40m speed (sec) by position over the three test sessions ................................ 69 Figure 10: Mean Absolute Bench Press (kg) by position over the three test sessions ............. 70 Figure 11: Mean ratio scaled Bench Press by position over the three test sessions ................. 72 Figure 12: Mean number of pull-ups by position over the three test sessions ......................... 73 Figure 13: Mean number of push-ups by position over the three test sessions ........................ 75 Figure 14: Mean predicted VO 2 max (ml•kg -1 •min -1 ) by position over the .............................. 76 xii
CHAPTER ONE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 1.1 INTRODUCTION Female participation in rugby has been described as that of a ‘domestic worker’ (Chandler & Nauright, 1999; Thompson, 1988). The role of females in rugby has been one of doing endless chores for their sons and husbands such as - transporting them to games and practices, cleaning their rugby gear, preparing meals and attending to their injured bodies and egos. Hence, the role of women within the rugby sphere has been traditionally one of provision rather than as an active participant (Haynes & Miller, 2001). Over the past two decades, rugby union has grown unexpectedly as a female participative sport throughout Australia, Great Britain, Canada, USA, New Zealand and many other Western and Asian countries. Chu, Leberman, Howe, and Bachor (2003), identified the prime reason for women participation in a male dominant sport, as being the physical nature and love for the sport. With the emergence of structured international competitions, women’s rugby has also increasingly found its way into the limelight as matches have been played at rugby “fortresses” such as Murrayfield (Scotland); Twickenham (England) and Ellis Park (South Africa) as curtain raisers to International Men’s rugby matches. With the 2009 Women’s Rugby World Cup and 2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens (Men and Women) being broadcasted 1
Page 1 and 2: PHYSICAL FITNESS OF ELITE WOMEN'S R
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to ack
Page 5 and 6: In both positional groups, no signi
Page 7 and 8: 2.3 PHYSIOLOGICAL DEMANDS OF RUGBY
Page 9 and 10: 4.3.3 Speed .......................
Page 11: LIST OF TABLES PAGE Table I: Body M
Page 15 and 16: 2007). Static exertion requires gre
Page 17 and 18: From the time men’s rugby union b
Page 19 and 20: • 10 and 40 m speed • 1 RM benc
Page 21 and 22: (Gabbett, 2007; Quarrie et al., 199
Page 23 and 24: Physical performance characteristic
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITER
Page 27 and 28: LEOPARDS No of Women’s Clubs: 7 N
Page 29 and 30: 2.2.3 International Women’s Rugby
Page 31 and 32: 2.3.1 Movement Patterns Time-motion
Page 33 and 34: Analysis of work-to-rest periods in
Page 35 and 36: 2.4.1 Body Mass There has been a ma
Page 37 and 38: Table I: Body Mass (kg) of female r
Page 39 and 40: Table II: Stature (cm) of female ru
Page 41 and 42: Table III: Comparison of 10m and 40
Page 43 and 44: etween age groups (Durandt et al.,
Page 45 and 46: Durandt et al., (2006) indicate tha
Page 47 and 48: Table IV: Comparison of Vertical Ju
Page 49 and 50: to allow accurate comparison (Duthi
Page 51 and 52: 1988; Ueno, Watai, & Ishii, 1988).
Page 53 and 54: staff with regards to selection and
Page 55 and 56: male rugby players may be associate
Page 57 and 58: Union. The players were sub-divided
Page 59 and 60: Body mass Skinfolds (biceps, tricep
Page 61 and 62: held at 90 degrees to the surface o
Page 63 and 64:
knees extended (straight), and bare
Page 65 and 66:
controlled manner to the center of
Page 67 and 68:
withdraw from the test if they are
Page 69 and 70:
CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS 4.1 INTRODUCTI
Page 71 and 72:
the descriptive analysis indicated
Page 73 and 74:
Sum of skinfolds (mm) 200 180 160 1
Page 75 and 76:
Percentage Body Fat (%) 40 35 30 25
Page 77 and 78:
Within forwards, there was a small
Page 79 and 80:
10m speed (sec) 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6
Page 81 and 82:
40m speed (sec) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 * * *
Page 83 and 84:
No difference was apparent within p
Page 85 and 86:
Pull ups 10 8 6 4 2 * * Forwards Ba
Page 87 and 88:
50 40 * * * Forwards Backs Push-ups
Page 89 and 90:
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AN
Page 91 and 92:
Cup (Schick et al., 2006). Attentio
Page 93 and 94:
skinfold thickness throughout the s
Page 95 and 96:
likelihood of injury during a train
Page 97 and 98:
can be possibly attributed to a gre
Page 99 and 100:
provide a good measure of the upper
Page 101 and 102:
mid-season, which performed 12 and
Page 103 and 104:
A reasonably high aerobic fitness l
Page 105 and 106:
these two broad positional groups h
Page 107 and 108:
physical fitness, it may also be ac
Page 109 and 110:
The current study has described the
Page 111 and 112:
Baker, D. and Nance, S. (1999). The
Page 113 and 114:
Crewther, B.T., Gill, N., Weatherby
Page 115 and 116:
Ellis, L., Gastin, P., Lawrence, S.
Page 117 and 118:
Hrysomallis, C. (2010). Upper body
Page 119 and 120:
Maud, P.J. (1983). Physiological an
Page 121 and 122:
Rienzi, E., Reilly, T., and Malkin,
Page 123 and 124:
Spencer, M., Bishop, D., Dawson, B.
Page 125 and 126:
APPENDIX A PARTICIPATION INFORMATIO
Page 127 and 128:
APPENDIX B CONSENT FORM Faculty of
Page 129 and 130:
3.SPEED AND ACCELARATION 10 m (sec)
Page 131 and 132:
Forwards Backs Vertical Jump (cm) T
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